Work in Ancient and Medieval Thought: Ancient Philosophers, Medieval Monks and Theologians and Their Concept of Work, Occupations and Technology
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The main object of this study is to find out whether the differences between classical and medieval thinking about work, occupations and technology are so significant that we are justified in speaking of a real break between Antiquity and the Middle Ages in this connection; or whether there is a possible continuity of ideas. From a comparative perspective five themes are being researched to shed light on this ques-tion. In the first two chapters the author looks into the traditional view of negative ideas about work in Antiquity. Chapter three subsequently deals with monks and their attitude towards labour. In chapter four the place of the so-called artes mechanicae in medieval classifications of knowledge is being studied. In chapter five we find an analysis of twelfth-century sermons ad status. These three chapters principally deal with the question whether Christianity brought about a change in attitude towards work. WORK IN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL THOUGHT Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Introduction I. The ideology of labour under the Principate The Stoa: their general doctrine Stoics on labour: the sources The Stoic conception of ponos Some introductory remarks Stoics and ponos Agriculture Banausic arts Trade II. Technical arts in ancient classifications of knowledge Introduction The terminology: artes mechanicae, mēchanē, mēchanikē technē Mentality and the technical arts Technical arts as banausic or illiberal arts Technical arts as liberal or semi-liberal arts Technical arts as productive arts Technical arts as a branch of mathematics III. Work and the monastic world Introduction Eastern monasticism The anchorites Pachomius Western monasticism Emergence and early development Work in pre-Benedictine monasticism Jerome Basil Augustine Cassian Work in some early monastic rules The Rule of Benedict and the work ethic in Wes tern monasticism IV. The mechanical arts in medieval classifications of knowledge Some general remarks about medieval classifications of knowledge and the mechanical arts Hugh of St. Victor and the artes mechanicae Some classifications of knowledge dating from the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries Dominic Gundisalvo Vincent of Beauvais Robert Kilwardby V. Ad status sermons and the recognition of work and occupations in the thirteenth century Changes in sermons and confessions during the thirteenth century Sermones ad status: the genre Sermones ad status: an analysis Hierarchical thinking: tradition or innovation? Material and Immaterial The good worker and the bad Conclusion Bibliography Index
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