Seeing and Knowing : Understanding Rock Art with and without Ethnography
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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Contributors Acronyms Chapter 1 Rock art with and without ethnography The Lewis-Williams revolution: Studying rock art in southern Africa and beyond The dual ethnographic-neuropsychological approach: The classic style of study in the classic area Extending beyond the classic style of study in the classic area From South Africa to the world, from informed methods to formal methods Understanding rock art: Informed methods, formal methods, and the uniformitarian issues This book Chapter 2 Flashes of brilliance: San rock paintings of heaven’s things Heavenly bodies, human imaginations Heaven on earth in Africa Stellar sites in South Africa Age determinations Potency, astral travel and agency Future horizons Chapter 3 Snake and veil: The rock engravings of Driekopseiland, Northern Cape, South Africa Driekopseiland Who, and why? Stow’s account Bushman or Korana – and other preoccupations What, and how old? Towards an archaeological context Towards meaning Driekopseiland landscape and history Chapter 4 Cups and saucers: A preliminary investigation of the rock carvings of Tsodilo Hills, northern Botswana Tsodilo Hills The carvings Local beliefs Antiquity Meaning Conclusions Chapter 5 Art and authorship in southern African rock art: Examining the Limpopo-Shashe Confluence Area Rock art and regionality The study area, its environs, and rock art traditions Towards understanding the historical context Evidence from excavation Evidence from archaeo-linguistic studies and historical sources Evidence from the rock art Implications Chapter 6 Archaeology, ethnography, and rock art: A modern-day study from Tanzania Tanzania: Rock art and ethnography Location, location, location Sandawe praxis: Iyari Metaphors for fertility: Objects and colour Rain-calling Archaeology and ethnography in rock art studies: Lessons from the Sandawe Chapter 7 Art and belief: The ever-changing and the never-changing in the Far West Ethnography and North American rock art Beyond the tyranny of the ethnographic record The conservatism of culture The essentialist challenge Situating cultural stability and change Making supernatural power personal: The emergence of Numic bands and headmen Long-term uses of summarising symbols Elaborating symbols: Where power becomes personal Conservatism versus change Chapter 8 Crow Indian elk love-medicine and rock art in Montana and Wyoming Love-magic and the American elk Elk images at rock art sites in Montana and Wyoming Summary Chapter 9 Layer by layer: Precision and accuracy in rock art recording and dating Background: Informed and formal approaches in conjunction El Ratón and its rock paintings People of the Sierra de San Francisco Recording methods and techniques Relative stratigraphy and dating at El Ratón Provisional sequence at El Ratón and some implications for interpretation Placement and depiction of motifs in El Ratón Chapter 10 From the tyranny of the figures to the interrelationship between myths, rock art and their surfaces The tyranny Choosing the surface The panels Understanding the elk Conclusion Chapter 11 Composite creatures in European Palaeolithic art Identifying composite creatures Man–beast Beast–man Humans and animals Chapter 12 Thinking strings: On theory, shifts and conceptual issues in the study of Palaeolithic art After a founding text On theory and theorising Shifts in and for the study of Palaeolithic art Intellectual shifts and new perspectives Thinking strings: Some different conceptual directions Are there ‘conclusions’? Chapter 13 Rock art without ethnography? A history of attitude to rock art and landscape at Froysjoen, western Norway Rock art and ethnography Rock art of western Norway and western Mozambique ‘Pre-contact’ natural history and ethnohistory at Froysjoen The ‘post-contact’ period: A grand discovery, and its aftermath Froysjoen ‘ethnography’ and the making of the hunting-magic explanation After hunting magic: The past in the present Romancing a mountain: Folklore and myth at Froysjoen In the footsteps of Gjessing until paths divide: A brief return to southern Africa The value of present-day ethnographies and ethnohistory Chapter 14 ‘Meaning cannot rest or stay the same’ ‘What is the meaning of your work?’ Fluidity of oral tradition Images are real A seamless unity Mimesis Access to power Structure Chapter 15 Manica rock art in contemporary society Studying rock art in Manica Province, Mozambique The geography of Manica The rock art of Manica Manica Valley Art in the Guidingue area Archaeological excavations Shona history and ethnohistory Discussion: Art then and art now Chapter 16 Oral tradition, ethnography, and the practice of North American archaeology The changing shape of North American archaeology Rock art and the ‘new archaeology’ Rock art and the ‘newer archaeology’ Examples: Ethnography, oral tradition and understanding Integration of ethnographic information and traditional archaeological data: Implications for archaeology Chapter 17 Beyond rock art: Archaeological interpretation and the shamanic frame Introduction: Southern African rock art research, in southern Africa and elsewhere Diversity and definition in a shamanic archaeology Shamanism: The big question The antiquity of shamanism Shamanism and the indigenous voice Archaeological interpretation and the shamanic frame List of figures List of tables List of publications by David Lewis-Williams Index
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