Acoustics for engineers : Troy Lectures

Description

Book_BookNotesTitle_1 The Acoustical Society of America Preface Contents About the Authors 1 Introduction 1.1 Definition of Three Basic Terms 1.2 Specialized Areas within Acoustics 1.3 About the History of Acoustics 1.4 Relevant Quantities in Acoustics 1.5 Some Numerical Examples 1.6 Logarithmic Level Ratios and Logarithmic Frequency Ratios 1.7 Double-Logarithmic Plots 1.8 Exercises 2 Mechanic and Acoustic Oscillations 2.1 Basic Elements of Linear, Oscillating, Mechanic Systems 2.2 Parallel Mechanic Oscillators 2.3 Free Oscillations of Parallel Mechanic Oscillators 2.4 Forced Oscillation of Parallel Mechanic Oscillators 2.5 Energies and Dissipation Losses 2.6 Basic Elements of Linear, Oscillating, Acoustic Systems 2.7 The Helmholtz Resonator 2.8 Exercises 3 Electromechanic and Electroacoustic Analogies 3.1 The Electromechanic Analogies 3.2 The Electroacoustic Analogy 3.3 Levers and Transformers 3.4 Rules for Deriving Analog Electric Circuits 3.5 Synopsis of Electric Analogies of Simple Oscillators 3.6 Circuit Fidelity, Impedance Fidelity and Duality 3.7 Examples of Mechanic and Acoustic Oscillators 3.8 Exercises 4 Electromechanic and Electroacoustic Transduction 4.1 Electromechanic Couplers as Two- or Three-Port Elements 4.2 The Carbon Microphone—A Controlled Coupler 4.3 Fundamental Equations of Electroacoustic Transducers 4.4 Reversibility 4.5 Coupling of Electroacoustic Transducers to the Sound Field 4.6 Pressure and Pressure-Gradient Receivers 4.7 Further Directional Characteristics 4.8 Absolute Calibration of Transducers 4.9 Exercises 5 Magnetic-Field Transducers 5.1 The Magnetodynamic Transduction Principle 5.2 Magnetodynamic Sound Emitters and Receivers 5.3 The Electromagnetic Transduction Principle 5.4 Electromagnetic Sound Emitters and Receivers 5.5 The Magnetostrictive Transduction Principle 5.6 Magnetostrictive Sound Transmitters and Receivers 5.7 Exercises 6 Electric-Field Transducers 6.1 The Piezoelectric Transduction Principle 6.2 Piezoelectric Sound Emitters and Receivers 6.3 The Electrostrictive Transduction Principle 6.4 Electrostrictive Sound Emitters and Receivers 6.5 The Dielectric Transduction Principle 6.6 Dielectric Sound Emitters and Receivers 6.7 Further Transducer and Coupler Principles 6.8 Exercises 7 The Wave Equation in Fluids 7.1 Derivation of the One-Dimensional Wave Equation 7.2 Three-Dimensional Wave Equation in Cartesian Coordinates 7.3 Solutions of the Wave Equation 7.4 Field Impedance and Power Transport in Plane Waves 7.5 Transmission-Line Equations and Reflectance 7.6 The Acoustic Measuring Tube 7.7 Exercises 8 Horns and Stepped Ducts 8.1 Webster's Differential Equation—The Horn Equation 8.2 Conical Horns 8.3 Exponential Horns 8.4 Radiation Impedances and Sound Radiation 8.5 Steps in the Area Function 8.6 Stepped Ducts 8.7 Exercises 9 Spherical Waves, Harmonics, and Line Arrays 9.1 The Spherical Wave Equation 9.2 Spherical Sound Sources of the First Order 9.3 Spherical Harmonics 9.4 Higher-Order Spherical Sound Sources 9.5 Line Arrays of Monopoles 9.6 Analogies to Fourier Transform in Signal Theory 9.7 Directional Equivalence of Sources and Receivers 9.8 Exercises 10 Piston Membranes, Diffraction and Scattering 10.1 The Rayleigh Integral 10.2 Fraunhofer's Approximation 10.3 The Far-Field of Piston Membranes 10.4 The Near-Field of Piston Membranes 10.5 General Remarks on Diffraction and Scattering 10.6 Exercises 11 Dissipation, Reflection, Refraction, and Absorption 11.1 Dissipation During Sound Propagation in Air 11.2 Sound Propagation in Porous Media 11.3 Reflection and Refraction 11.4 Wall (Surface) Impedance and Degree of Absorption 11.5 Porous Absorbers 11.6 Resonance Absorbers 11.7 Exercises 12 Geometric Acoustics and Diffuse Sound Fields 12.1 Mirror Sound Sources and Ray Tracing 12.2 Flutter Echoes 12.3 Impulse Responses of Rectangular Rooms 12.4 Diffuse Sound Fields 12.5 Reverberation-Time Formulas 12.6 Application of Diffuse Sound Fields 12.7 Exercises 13 Insulation of Air- and Structure-Borne Sound 13.1 Sound in Solids—Structure-Borne Sound 13.2 Radiation of Airborne Sound by Bending Waves 13.3 Sound-Transmission Loss of Single-Leaf Walls 13.4 Sound-Transmission Loss of Double-Leaf Walls 13.5 The Weighted Sound-Reduction Index 13.6 Insulation of Vibrations 13.7 Insulation of Floors with Regard to Impact Sounds 13.8 Exercises 14 Noise Control—A Survey 14.1 Origins of Noise 14.2 Radiation of Noise 14.3 Noise Reduction as a System Problem 14.4 Noise Reduction at the Source 14.5 Noise Reduction Along the Propagation Paths 14.6 Exercises 15 Solutions to the Exercise Problems 15.1 Chapter1 15.2 Chapter2 15.3 Chapter3 15.4 Chapter4 15.5 Chapter5 15.6 Chapter6 15.7 Chapter7 15.8 Chapter8 15.9 Chapter9 15.10 Chapter10 15.11 Chapter11 15.12 Chapter12 15.13 Chapter13 15.14 Chapter14 16 Appendices 16.1 Complex Notation of Sinusoidal Signals 16.2 Complex Notation of Power and Intensity 16.3 Supplementary Textbooks for Self Study 16.4 Letter Symbols, Notations, and Units Index