Citizenship and Belonging in France and North America: Multicultural Perspectives on Political, Cultural and Artistic Representations of Immigration

Description

The first decades of the new millennium have been marked by major political changes. Although The West has wished to revisit internal and international politics concerning migration policies, refugee status, integration, secularism, and the dismantling of communitarianism, events like the Syrian refugee crisis, the terrorist attacks in France in 2015-2016, and the economic crisis of 2008 have resurrected concepts such as national identity, integration, citizenship and re-shaping state policies in many developed countries. In France and Canada, more recent public elections have brought complex democratic political figures like Emmanuel Macron and Justin Trudeau to the public eye. Both leaders were elected based on their promising political agendas that aimed at bringing their countries into the new millennium; Trudeau promotes multiculturalism, while Macron touts the diverse nation and the inclusion of diverse ethnic communities to the national model. This edited collection aims to establish a dialogue between these two countries and across disciplines in search of such discursive illustrations and opposing discourses. Analyzing the cultural and political tensions between minority groups and the state in light of political events that question ideas of citizenship and belonging to a multicultural nation, the chapters in this volume serve as a testimonial to the multiple views on the political and public perception of multicultural practices and their national and international applicability to our current geopolitical context. Acknowledgments Contents Notes on Contributors Chapter 1: Introduction: The Realities of Multicultural Societies References Part I: Citizenship and Integration: Espousing or Combating Official Political Discourses on Multiculturalism and National Identity Chapter 2: Nationalistic Secularism and the Critique of Canadian Multiculturalism in Quebec Introduction Quiet Secularization Invisible Secularism Nationalist Secularism Conclusion References Chapter 3: Francophones, Multiculturalism and Interculturalism in Canada, Quebec and Europe Will Kymlicka’s Definition of Culture Kymlicka’s Multiculturalism: Views and Inquiry Multiculturalism and Religion Tariq Modood and Multiculturalism in the United Kingdom Christian Joppke’s Is Multiculturalism Dead? Interculturalism in Europe Interculturalism in Quebec and Canadian Multiculturalism The Bouchard-Taylor Commission (2008) and Cultural Relations in Quebec in 2019 Doug Saunders and Arrival City The Desire to Belong? Conclusion References Chapter 4: The Regulation of Migration, Integration, and of Multiculturalism in Twenty-First-Century France Introduction Theoretical Considerations: The Politics of Migration Theoretical Considerations: The Politics of ‘Integration’ and Multiculturalism Migration Policy and Integration Under Sarkozy and Hollande Sarkozy’s Regulation of Migration The Politics of Integration Under Sarkozy Migration and Integration Under François Hollande Macronisme, Migration, and Integration Conclusions References Chapter 5: Representing French Citizenship and Belonging in La Desintégration (2011) by Philippe Faucon Contextualization of the Malaise in France and the Rise of Youth Radicalization Disintegration of the French Republican Model in Faucon’s La Désintégration Conclusion References Part II: How Can One Be Muslim, Immigrant and French? Literary and Cinematic Expressions of Belonging in France and Québec Chapter 6: Redefining Frenchness: Thomté Ryam’s Banlieue Noire and En attendant que le bus explose Fictional Testimonies, Testimonial Fictions Narrative Polyphony and Multi-Ethnic Urban Peripheries References Chapter 7: The Integration of Muslim Maghrebis into Quebec: France as the Model Not to Follow Introduction From France’s Rejection to Quebec’s Seduction French and Quebec Politics: Similar Debates, Different Answers Maghrebis of France and Quebec: A Shared Socio-Economic Reality, a Shared Future? Maghrebi Writers of Quebec: Becoming Quebecers Conclusion References Chapter 8: Feminist Citizenship in the Banlieue: Houda Benyamina’s Divines (2016) References Filmography Chapter 9: “Let me explain: this is who I am”: Interview with Anita Aloisio with Introduction by Dervila Cooke Introduction Interview with Anita Aloisio Conclusion References Part III: Framing Identity and Nationality: Crimmigration, Islamophobia and the Politics of Ethnic Exclusion Chapter 10: Shy Elitism: A New Keyword in Critical Multiculturalism Studies Introduction “Gentlemanly Experts in the Business of Fighting Gentleman Bigots”: The Early Years of Multiculturalism “Racists and Liberals Differed Significantly”: Frances Henry and a Canadian Race Relations Industry Multiculturalism Means Business Conclusion References Chapter 11: On the Islamophobic Mind and Its Agenda in France Islamophobia and the Intellectual Landscape in France Conceptualization of Islamophobia The Return of a Concept Phobia Between Feeling and Fueling the Feeling Islamophobia and the Perverted Meaning Islamophobia and Its Agenda References Chapter 12: Framing the Immigration Discourse and Drawing the Citizen: Concrete Representations of the “Migration Crisis” in Comics Journalism Mis-representing Immigrants: What’s in a Word? The Reporter as Author and Witness: Literary Reportage Versus News Coverage Conclusion References Chapter 13: Navigating Diversity: Multiculturalism as a Heuristic Introduction The Political Challenges of Cultural Diversity Multiculturalism and Political Intent in Canada Multiculturalism as a Heuristic Multiculturalism and Hope References Index