Metal Oxide-Based Nanofibers and Their Applications

Description

Metal Oxide-based Nanofibers and their Applications provides an in-depth overview on developments surrounding the synthesis, characterization properties, and applications achieved by scientific leaders in the area.  Sections deal with the theoretical and experimental aspects of the synthesis and methodologies to control microstructure, composition and shape of the nanofibrous metal oxides, review the applications of metal oxide nanofibers in diverse technologies, with special focus on the relation between the structural, morphological and compositional features of the nanofibers, cover applications of metal oxide nanofibers in the fields of sensing (biosensing, gas sensing), and consider biomedical and cleaning technologies. Lastly, a final section covers their application in energy generation and storage technologies (e. g. piezoelectric, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage are reviewed. Front Cover Metal Oxide-Based Nanofibers and Their Applications Copyright Page Contents List of contributors About the series editor About the volume editors Preface to the series Preface to the volume Section 1 1 Fundamentals of electrospinning and safety 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Electrospinning process for metal oxide nanofibers 1.2.1 Precursor solution for sol–gel electrospinning process toward metal oxide nanofibers 1.2.2 Precursor solution for colloidal method toward metal oxide nanofibers 1.2.3 Electrospinning process parameters 1.3 Large-scale production 1.4 Electrospinning safety Acknowledgments References 2 Special techniques and advanced structures 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Electrospinning for producing metal oxide nanofibers 2.2.1 Directly electrospinning of the precursor solution 2.2.2 Selectively removing the polymer component in the composite nanofibers 2.2.3 Converting amorphous to crystalline structure 2.2.4 Physical and chemical modifications 2.3 Advanced structures of metal oxide nanofibers 2.3.1 Control of core-sheath, hollow, or side-by-side morphology 2.3.2 Control of in-fiber and interfiber porosity 2.3.3 Control of hierarchical surface structures 2.3.4 Control of alignment and patterns 2.3.5 Welding of nanofibers at their cross points 2.3.6 Three-dimensional fibrous aerogels 2.3.7 Mass production of metal oxide nanofibers Acknowledgments References 3 Nonelectrospun metal oxide nanofibers 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Nonelectrospinning techniques 3.2.1 Solution blow spinning technique 3.2.2 Plasma-induced technique 3.2.3 Drawing technique 3.2.4 CO2 laser supersonic drawing 3.2.5 Template synthesis 3.2.6 Centrifugal spinning 3.3 Synthesis of metal oxide nanofibers 3.3.1 Tin oxide nanofibers 3.3.2 Silica nanofibers 3.3.3 Barium titanate nanofibers 3.3.4 Copper oxide nanofibers 3.3.5 Tungsten oxide nanofibers 3.3.6 Ferric oxide nanofibers 3.3.7 NiO, CeO2, and NiO-CeO2 composite nanofibers 3.3.8 Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanofibers 3.4 Conclusion References 4 Polymer–metal oxide composite nanofibers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Electroactive polymers and their metal oxide composites 4.3 Elastomer–metal oxide nanocomposite fibers 4.4 Biopolymer/metal oxide nanocomposite fibers 4.5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Section 2 5 Metal oxide nanofibers and their applications for biosensing 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Synthesis strategies for MONFs 5.2.1 Physicochemical route for MONF fabrication 5.2.2 Spinning technique for fabrication of MONFs 5.2.2.1 Electrospinning technique for fabrication of MONFs 5.2.2.2 Nonelectrospinning for fabrication of MONFs 5.2.3 Advanced microfabrication and nanofabrication strategies for MONFs 5.3 Biosensing applications of MONFs 5.3.1 Titanium dioxide nanofibers for biosensing 5.3.2 ZnO nanofibers for biosensing 5.3.3 Others MONFs for biosensing 5.4 Recent computational advances 5.5 Conclusions, challenges, and future scope Acknowledgments References 6 Metal oxide-based nanofibers and their gas-sensing applications 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Gas-sensing applications of metal oxide nanofibers 6.2.1 Importance of gas-sensing and gas sensors 6.2.2 Pristine metal oxide nanofibers 6.2.3 Metal oxide composite nanofibers 6.2.4 Loaded or doped metal oxide nanofibers 6.3 Conclusions and outlook References 7 Metal oxide nanofibers for flexible organic electronics and sensors 7.1 Incorporation of nanofibers into electronic devices 7.2 Conductive and transparent nanofibrous networks as a futuristic approach toward the flexible displays 7.3 Recent progress in electrospun metal oxide nanofibers 7.4 Summary and future trends References 8 Role of metal oxide nanofibers in water purification 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Metal oxide as water purifiers 8.3 Polymer–metal oxide composite fibers for water treatment 8.4 Conclusions Acknowledgment References 9 Metal oxide nanofiber for air remediation via filtration, catalysis, and photocatalysis 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Filtration for air pollutants 9.2.1 Filtration mechanism 9.2.2 Characterization of filter 9.2.2.1 Porosity 9.2.2.2 Pore size and size distribution 9.2.2.3 Surface area 9.2.2.4 Permeability 9.2.2.5 Single-fiber efficiency 9.2.2.6 Quality factor 9.2.3 Nanofibrous particulate matter filter 9.2.4 Gas filter 9.2.4.1 Metal oxide nanofibers as catalyst support matrix and catalyst 9.2.4.2 Metal oxide nanofibrous photocatalysts 9.3 Conclusion References Section 3 10 Piezoelectric application of metal oxide nanofibers 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Inorganic piezoelectric materials and their properties 10.3 Synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures 10.4 Hydrothermal synthesis 10.5 Electrospinning 10.6 Molten salt synthesis 10.7 Sol–gel template synthesis 10.8 Material and structural characterizations 10.9 X-ray diffraction 10.10 Raman spectroscopy 10.11 Atomic force microscopy 10.12 Potential applications 10.12.1 Nanogenerators 10.12.2 High-energy-density storage devices 10.12.3 Structural health monitoring 10.13 Summary and outlook References 11 Memristive applications of metal oxide nanofibers 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Recent trends 11.3 Memristors and resistive switching 11.4 Resistive switching in metal oxide nanofibers 11.4.1 NiO 11.4.2 TiO2 11.4.3 CuO 11.4.4 ZnO 11.4.5 Nb2O5 11.4.6 VO2 11.4.7 WO3 11.4.8 Complex Oxide Nanofibers 11.5 Core–shell nanowires 11.6 Perspective and outlook References 12 Metal oxide nanofibers in solar cells 12.1 Introduction: role of nanofibers in various types of solar cells 12.2 Photoconversion mechanism in sensitized photovoltaic cells 12.2.1 Excitation of electrons 12.2.2 Generation of photovoltage 12.2.3 Charge extraction and transport 12.2.4 Generation of photocurrent 12.3 Metal oxide nanofibers as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells 12.4 Reducing energy trap states 12.4.1 Improving crystallinity through high sintering 12.4.2 Raising the Fermi energy level 12.4.3 N-type doping induced diffusion coefficient improvement 12.4.4 P-type doping induced Schottky-barrier 12.4.5 Homovalent ion substitution 12.4.6 Composite fibers 12.5 Challenges 12.5.1 Conclusion and outlook References 13 Metal oxide nanofiber-based electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 State-of-the-art architectures and materials for solid oxide fuel cell electrodes 13.1.1.1 Electrode architectures 13.1.1.2 Cathode materials 13.1.1.3 Anode materials 13.2 Nanofiber solid oxide fuel cell electrode preparation through electrospinning 13.2.1 Electrode preparation 13.2.2 Typical electrode structures 13.3 Overview of electrochemical performance of nanofiber versus conventional solid oxide fuel cell electrodes 13.3.1 Strontium-doped lanthanum manganite 13.3.2 Cobalt-based metal oxides 13.3.3 Cobalt-free metal oxides 13.3.3.1 Cathodes 13.3.3.2 Anodes 13.4 Understanding the structure-performance relationship in nanofiber solid oxide fuel cell electrodes: experimental chara... 13.4.1 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: experimental characterization and equivalent circuit modeling 13.4.1.1 Equivalent circuit modeling of metal oxide nanofiber-based electrodes 13.4.1.2 Electrochemical behavior of metal oxide nanofiber-based electrodes 13.4.2 One-dimensional pseudohomogeneous model of infiltrated mixed ionic-electronic conductor nanofiber electrodes 13.4.2.1 Model development 13.4.2.2 Model results 13.5 Summary References 14 Synthesis of one-dimensional metal oxide–based crystals as energy storage materials 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Aluminum oxide 14.3 Copper oxide 14.4 Iron oxide 14.5 Manganese oxide 14.6 Nickel oxide 14.7 Silicon oxide and silicates 14.8 Tin oxide 14.9 Titanium oxides and titanates 14.10 Tungsten oxide and tungstates 14.11 Vanadium oxide 14.12 Zinc oxide 14.13 Zirconate fibers References 15 Supercapacitors based on electrospun metal oxide nanofibers 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Electrospun metal oxide nanofibers 15.2.1 Single metal oxides 15.2.2 Bimetallic or polymetallic oxides 15.3 Electrospun metal oxide nanofiber–based composites 15.3.1 Metal oxide/metal oxide (metal hydroxide, metal) composites 15.3.2 Metal oxide/carbon-based composites 15.3.3 Metal oxide (metal)/carbon nanofibers/conducting polymer composites 15.3.4 Other composites 15.4 Conclusion References 16 Thermoelectrics based on metal oxide nanofibers 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Thermoelectric metal oxide nanofiber processing technology 16.2.1 Electrospinning 16.2.2 Chemical bath deposition 16.2.3 Template-assisted deposition 16.2.4 Chemical spray pyrolysis 16.2.5 Microlithography and nanolithography 16.2.6 Electrochemical oxidation 16.2.7 Glass-annealing method 16.3 Thermoelectric metal oxide nanofiber device concept and characterization 16.4 Perspectives and conclusions References Index Back Cover