Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 2nd Edition

Description

Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology is a text that blends up-to-date science, stimulating writing, high-quality art, and cutting-edge educational technology to provide the most effective teaching and learning program available in the one-semester anatomy and physiology courses.The distinctive pedagogy of the text revolves around the theme of "Elevate Learning". From "Base Camp" to "Assess Your Learning Outcomes", the student experiences a clear sense of the path ahead, a convenient means of charting progress, and a satisfying sense of accomplishment at the end. Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 Brief Contents......Page 4 About the Authors......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 6 Taking Anatomy & Physiology to New Heights......Page 11 Making Anatomy & Physiology Intriguing and Inspiring......Page 13 Acknowledgments......Page 22 Chapter 1 The Study of Anatomy and Physiology......Page 24 1.1 Anatomy—The Structural Basis of Human Function......Page 25 1.2 Physiology—Dynamic Processes in the Living Body......Page 31 Perspectives on Health......Page 32 1.3 The Human Body Plan......Page 36 1.4 The Language of Medicine......Page 47 Career Spotlight: Radiologic Technologist......Page 50 Study Guide......Page 51 Chapter 2 Life, Matter, and Energy......Page 54 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules......Page 55 2.2 Water, Acids, and Bases......Page 61 2.3 Organic Compounds......Page 64 Perspectives on Health......Page 75 2.4 Energy and Chemical Reactions......Page 77 Career Spotlight: Medical Technologist......Page 80 Study Guide......Page 81 Chapter 3 The Cellular Level of Organization......Page 84 3.1 The General Structure of Cells......Page 85 3.2 The Cell Surface......Page 87 3.3 The Cell Interior......Page 99 3.4 The Life Cycle of Cells......Page 108 Perspectives on Health......Page 113 Career Spotlight: Cytotechnologist......Page 114 Study Guide......Page 115 Chapter 4 Histology—The Tissue Level of Organization......Page 118 4.1 The Study of Tissues......Page 119 4.2 Epithelial Tissue......Page 122 4.3 Connective Tissue......Page 129 4.4 Nervous and Muscular Tissues—The Excitable Tissues......Page 137 Perspectives on Health......Page 140 4.5 Glands and Membranes......Page 141 4.6 Tissue Growth, Development, Repair, and Death......Page 144 Career Spotlight: Histotechnician......Page 146 Study Guide......Page 147 Chapter 5 The Integumentary System......Page 150 5.1 The Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue......Page 151 Perspectives on Health......Page 157 5.2 Accessory Organs......Page 159 Career Spotlight: Dermatology Nurse......Page 164 Connective Issues......Page 165 Study Guide......Page 166 Chapter 6 The Skeletal System......Page 169 6.1 Skeletal Structure and Function......Page 170 6.2 Bone Development and Metabolism......Page 176 Perspectives on Health......Page 180 6.3 The Axial Skeleton......Page 181 6.4 The Appendicular Skeleton......Page 198 6.5 Joints......Page 207 Career Spotlight: Orthopedic Nurse......Page 219 Connective Issues......Page 220 Study Guide......Page 221 Chapter 7 The Muscular System......Page 224 7.1 Muscular Tissue and Cells......Page 225 7.2 Physiology of Skeletal Muscle......Page 233 7.3 Cardiac and Smooth Muscle......Page 242 7.4 Anatomy of the Muscular System......Page 245 Perspectives on Health......Page 247 Career Spotlight: Massage Therapist......Page 270 Connective Issues......Page 271 Study Guide......Page 272 Chapter 8 The Nervous System I: Nerve Cells, the Spinal Cord, and Reflexes......Page 275 8.1 Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System......Page 276 8.2 The Physiology of Neurons......Page 284 Perspectives on Health......Page 292 8.3 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes......Page 293 Career Spotlight: Occupational Therapist......Page 304 Study Guide......Page 305 Chapter 9 The Nervous System II: The Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Autonomic Nervous System......Page 308 9.1 Overview of the Brain......Page 309 9.2 Principal Divisions of the Brain......Page 316 9.3 Multiregional Brain Functions......Page 323 9.4 The Cranial Nerves......Page 330 9.5 The Autonomic Nervous System......Page 332 Perspectives on Health......Page 340 Aging of the Nervous System......Page 341 Career Spotlight: Electroneurodiagnostic Technologist......Page 342 Connective Issues......Page 343 Study Guide......Page 344 Chapter 10 The Sense Organs......Page 347 10.1 Receptors and Sensations......Page 348 10.2 The General Senses......Page 351 10.3 The Chemical Senses—Taste and Smell......Page 354 10.4 The Ear—Equilibrium and Hearing......Page 358 10.5 The Eye and Vision......Page 367 Perspectives on Health......Page 378 Career Spotlight: Optician......Page 379 Study Guide......Page 380 Chapter 11 The Endocrine System......Page 383 11.1 Overview of the Endocrine System......Page 384 11.2 Endocrine Physiology......Page 387 11.3 The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland......Page 390 11.4 Other Endocrine Glands and Tissues......Page 396 Perspectives on Health......Page 404 11.5 Stress Physiology......Page 405 Career Spotlight: Diabetes Educator......Page 406 Connective Issues......Page 407 Study Guide......Page 408 Chapter 12 The Circulatory System I: Blood......Page 411 12.1 Introduction......Page 412 12.2 Erythrocytes......Page 416 12.3 Leukocytes......Page 422 Perspectives on Health......Page 426 12.4 Platelets......Page 428 Career Spotlight: Phlebotomist......Page 432 Connective Issues......Page 433 Study Guide......Page 434 Chapter 13 The Circulatory System II: The Heart and Blood Vessels......Page 437 13.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System......Page 438 13.2 Gross Anatomy of the Heart......Page 441 Perspectives on Health......Page 447 13.3 Physiology of the Heart......Page 448 13.4 General Anatomy of Blood Vessels......Page 456 13.5 Physiology of Circulation......Page 461 13.6 Circulatory Routes and Blood Vessels......Page 467 Aging of the Circulatory System......Page 483 Career Spotlight: Electrocardiographic Technician......Page 484 Connective Issues......Page 485 Study Guide......Page 486 Chapter 14 The Lymphatic System and Immunity......Page 489 14.1 The Lymphatic System......Page 490 14.2 Innate Immunity......Page 499 14.3 Features of Adaptive Immunity......Page 505 14.4 Cellular and Humoral Immunity......Page 510 Perspectives on Health......Page 516 Career Spotlight: Public Health Nurse......Page 517 Connective Issues......Page 518 Study Guide......Page 519 Chapter 15 The Respiratory System......Page 522 15.1 Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System......Page 523 15.2 Pulmonary Ventilation......Page 533 Perspectives on Health......Page 538 15.3 Gas Exchange and Transport......Page 539 Career Spotlight: Respiratory Therapist......Page 543 Connective Issues......Page 544 Study Guide......Page 545 Chapter 16 The Urinary System......Page 548 16.1 Functions of the Urinary System......Page 549 16.2 Anatomy of the Kidney......Page 551 16.3 Glomerular Filtration......Page 557 16.4 Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion......Page 562 16.5 Water Conservation......Page 564 Perspectives on Health......Page 566 16.6 Urine Storage and Elimination......Page 567 16.7 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance......Page 571 Career Spotlight: Dialysis Technician......Page 576 Connective Issues......Page 577 Study Guide......Page 578 Chapter 17 The Digestive System......Page 581 17.1 Overview of the Digestive System......Page 582 17.2 The Mouth Through Esophagus......Page 586 17.3 The Stomach......Page 590 17.4 The Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas......Page 597 17.5 The Small Intestine......Page 602 17.6 Chemical Digestion and Absorption......Page 606 17.7 The Large Intestine......Page 610 Career Spotlight: Dental Hygienist......Page 614 Connective Issues......Page 615 Study Guide......Page 616 Chapter 18 Nutrition and Metabolism......Page 619 18.1 Nutrition......Page 620 Perspectives on Health......Page 628 18.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism......Page 629 18.3 Lipid and Protein Metabolism......Page 633 18.4 Metabolic States and Metabolic Rate......Page 637 18.5 Energy Balance and Appetite Regulation......Page 640 18.6 Body Heat and Thermoregulation......Page 643 Career Spotlight: Dietitian......Page 647 Study Guide......Page 648 Chapter 19 The Reproductive System......Page 651 19.1 Essentials of Sexual Reproduction......Page 652 19.2 The Male Reproductive System......Page 653 19.3 The Female Reproductive System......Page 661 19.4 The Production and Union of Sex Cells......Page 669 Perspectives on Health......Page 683 19.5 Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Lactation......Page 684 Career Spotlight: Midwife......Page 690 Connective Issues......Page 691 Study Guide......Page 692 Chapter 20 Human Development and Aging......Page 695 20.1 Fertilization and Preembryonic Development......Page 696 20.2 The Embryonic and Fetal Stages......Page 703 Perspectives on Health......Page 713 20.3 The Neonate......Page 714 20.4 Aging, Senescence, and Death......Page 719 Career Spotlight: Genetic Counselor......Page 723 Study Guide......Page 724 Appendix A: Answer Keys......Page 727 Appendix B: Health Science Careers......Page 734 Appendix C: Symbols, Weights, and Measures......Page 737 Appendix D: Biomedical Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes......Page 739 Appendix E: Periodic Table of the Elements......Page 743 A......Page 744 C......Page 745 E......Page 747 F......Page 748 H......Page 749 I......Page 750 L......Page 751 M......Page 752 O......Page 753 P......Page 754 R......Page 755 S......Page 756 T......Page 757 Z......Page 758 A......Page 759 B......Page 761 C......Page 763 D......Page 765 E......Page 766 F......Page 768 H......Page 769 J......Page 771 L......Page 772 M......Page 773 N......Page 775 O......Page 776 P......Page 777 R......Page 779 S......Page 780 T......Page 783 V......Page 784 Z......Page 785