Advanced Technology in Textiles: Fibre to Apparel

Description

This book highlights the latest technology in textile processing along with the application of eco-friendly chemicals and reagents. As textile is the second basic human need, this industry assimilates a large share in the world economy. Nonetheless, nothing should be accomplished compromising sustainability; therefore updated technology and modern machineries are being used in the textile processing. It is not only for enhancing the efficiency but also to reduce waste and energy consumption. Moreover, Nano particles and Bio-chemicals are assumed to become integral part in the future manufacturing system. In this book, the numerical and investigation results will be presented to highlight the mentioned topics so that the application is lucidly comprehended. In a nutshell, this book is supposed to cover all the vibrant innovations in the manufacturing arena in textiles in consideration with ecological balance as well as breakthroughs in applied technology assumed to veer the general concept of maintenance of that machineries. Preface Acknowledgements About This Book Contents About the Editors Introduction to Textiles and Textile Fibers 1 Introduction 2 History of Textiles and Clothing 3 Divisions of Textile Industry 3.1 Spinning Department 3.2 Fabric Department 3.3 Wet Process Department 3.4 Garment Department 4 Textile Fiber 4.1 Staple and Filament Fiber 4.2 Classification of Textile Fiber 5 Natural Fiber 5.1 Cotton Fiber 5.2 Jute Fiber 5.3 Wool Fiber 5.4 Silk Fiber 6 Man-Made Fiber 6.1 Natural Polymer Base Man-Made Fiber 6.2 Synthetic Polymer Base Man-Made Fiber 7 Contrasts Between Natural Fiber and Manmade/Artificial Fiber 8 High Performance Fiber 8.1 Kevlar Fiber 8.2 Nomex Fiber 8.3 Glass Fiber 8.4 Carbon Fiber 9 Future Trends and Development 10 Conclusions References Management and Maintenance of Textile Machinery 1 Basics of Maintenance 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History of Maintenance 1.3 Aims of Maintenance 1.4 Plant Failure Analysis 1.5 Impact of Poor Maintenance 1.6 The Necessity of Maintenance 1.7 Types of Maintenance 1.8 Maintenance Control 1.9 Maintenance Budget 2 Lubricants Used in Textile Industry 2.1 Lubricants 2.2 Lubrication 2.3 Types of Industrial Lubricants [5] 2.4 Properties of Lubricants [6] 2.5 Principles of Lubrication 2.6 Methods of Lubrication 2.7 Storage of Lubricants 3 Ergonomics and Material Handling 3.1 Risk Factors in Material Handling 3.2 Health Effect and Workstation Environment 3.3 Fundamental Ergonomic Principles 3.4 Types of Ergonomics 4 Safety and Health Issues in the Textile Industry 4.1 Major Health Issues in Textile Industry 5 Maintenance Activities of Textile Machinery 5.1 Maintenance of Spinning Machine 5.2 Maintenance of Fabric Industry 5.3 Maintenance of Wet Processing (Dyeing) Industry 5.4 Maintenance of Garments Machinery 6 Conclusion References Advanced Technology in Fabric Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Weaving 2.1 Classification of Weaving 2.2 Warping 2.3 Sizing 2.4 Drawing-In and Tying-In 2.5 Advances Made in Warp Preparation for Weaving 2.6 Weaving According to the Filling Insertion System 2.7 Weaving According to the Shedding Mechanism 2.8 Sample Weaving 2.9 Specialized Weaving 2.10 Advances Made in Weaving and Weaving Quality Control 3 Knitting 3.1 Classification of Knitting 3.2 Weft Knitting 3.3 Advances Made in Circular Weft Knitting 3.4 Flat Weft Knitting (V-bed Knitting) 3.5 Advances Made in Flat Weft Knitting 3.6 Warp Knitting 3.7 Specialized Warp Knitting 3.8 Multiaxial Knitting 3.9 3D Knitting 3.10 4D Knitting 3.11 Advanced Knitting Quality Control 4 Conclusion References Advanced Technology in Textile Dyeing 1 Introduction 2 Advanced and Sustainable Dyeing Technologies 2.1 Use of Lesser, Nontoxic and Biodegradable Chemicals 2.2 Dyeing in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide 2.3 Nanotechnology Based Dyeing 2.4 Plasma Assisted Dyeing 2.5 Laser Assisted Dyeing 2.6 Foam Dyeing 2.7 Ultrasound Assisted Dyeing 2.8 Microwave Assisted Dyeing 2.9 Enzymatic Dyeing 3 Conclusion References Innovative Textile Printing Technology 1 Introduction 2 General Procedure of Textile Printing 3 Technologies Toward Advanced Textile Printing 3.1 Screen Technology for Screen Printing 3.2 Screen Printing Technology 3.3 Automated Textile Printing 3.4 Cooling Transfer Printing Technology 3.5 Biological Printing 3.6 Technology for 3D Printing 4 The Conclusion References Advanced Technology in Fabric Finishing 1 Introduction 2 Foam Finishing 2.1 Continuous Foam Application 2.2 Foam Finishing Technology 2.3 Sancowad Foam Finishing Machine 3 Spray Finishing Technology 4 Bio-polishing 5 Plasma Finishing 6 Ultrasonic Technology in Fabric Finishing 7 Aero/Airo Finishes 7.1 Materials and Fabric Constructions 7.2 Airo Finishing Process 8 Bio Extract Finishing (Micania Micrantha Leaf) 9 Micro Sanded Finishing 10 Micro-encapsulation 10.1 Spray Coating Micro-Encapsulation 10.2 Wall Deposition from Solution 10.3 Matrix Solidification Micro-encapsulation 11 Polyester Fabric Finishing and Green Theme Technology 12 Supercritical Fluid Technology 13 Advanced Ballistic Protection Finishing 14 Beetling 15 Photographic Prints 16 Stone Washing 17 Embossing 18 Conclusion References Advanced Technology in Apparel Manufacturing 1 Advanced Technology in Apparel Manufacturing 2 Three-Dimensional (3D) Body Scanner 2.1 Types of 3D Body Scanners 3 Advanced Technology in Apparel CAD 3.1 Virtual Fitting Rooms 3.2 Virtual Sampling and Approval 4 Intelligent Apparel CAD Systems 4.1 Parametric Design 4.2 Combination of Artificial Intelligence and CAD 5 Automation in Spreading Process 5.1 Automatic Spreading Machine 6 Automation in Cutting Process 6.1 Automated Cutting Equipment 6.2 Round Blade Knife 6.3 Drag Knife 6.4 Reciprocating Knife 6.5 Punch 7 Advanced Technologies in Apparel Production System 7.1 Types of Production Systems 7.2 Comparison Among Production Systems 8 Advanced Technologies in Sewing 8.1 Application of the Robotics Technology in Apparel Sewing 8.2 Advanced Technologies in Quality Monitoring System of Fabrics and Garment Seams 9 Sew-Free Technologies 9.1 Welding Technology 9.2 Bonding Technology 9.3 Advantages of Sew-Free Technologies 9.4 Disadvantages of Sew-Free Technologies 9.5 Applications of Sew-Free Garments 9.6 Design Possibilities of Sew-Free Garments 10 Advanced Technology in Fusing 10.1 Advanced Technologies of Fusing for Avoiding Shrinkage of Fabric 11 Advanced Technology in Finishing 11.1 Pressing 12 Digital Printing and Embroidery 12.1 Digital Printing 12.2 Embroidery 13 Advanced Technology in Manikins 14 Application of Smart and Technical Textiles in Apparel 15 Advanced Technology in Apparel Supply Chain 16 Advance Planning and Scheduling (APS) 16.1 Advanced Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System 17 RFID Technology 17.1 Application of RFID Technology in Textile and Apparel 18 Blockchain Technology 19 Application of AI and Soft Computing in Apparel Processing and Business 19.1 Types of AI and Soft Computing Approaches 19.2 Application of Computing-Based Systems in Estimation of Fiber and Yarn Properties 19.3 Application of Computing-Based Systems in the Prediction of Fabric Properties 19.4 Application of Computing-Based Systems in the Detection of Fabric Fault 19.5 Application of Computing-Based Systems in Garment Manufacturing and Business 19.6 Application of Computing-Based Systems in Production Planning and Control 19.7 Application of Computing-Based Systems in Supply Chain Management (SCM) 19.8 Application of Computing-Based Systems in Retailing 20 Challenges of Using Advanced Technologies in Apparel Production and Processing and Probable Ways to Overcome the Challenges 20.1 High Initial Cost of Installment and Maintenance Cost 20.2 Unexpected Production Delays 20.3 Security Threats 20.4 Unemployment 21 Summary References Non-woven 1 Introduction 1.1 Categories of Non-woven 1.2 Special Features of Non-woven Fabric Structure 1.3 Properties of Non-woven Fabric 1.4 Required Raw Materials for Manufacturing Non-woven Fabric 2 Manufacturing Process of Non-woven 2.1 Web Formation 2.2 Web Bonding 2.3 Finishing 3 Application of Non-woven in Various Sector 3.1 Non-woven in Apparel Sector 3.2 Non-woven in Agricultural Sector 3.3 Non-woven in Medical Textile Sector 3.4 Non-woven in Geotextile Sector 3.5 Non-woven in Automotive Textile Sector 3.6 Non-woven with Flame Retardancy in Different Technical Textile Sectors 3.7 Non-woven in Space 4 Developments in Raw Materials in Non-woven (Use of Biodegradable Polymer) 4.1 Recycled Materials Usage in Non-woven 4.2 Nano Fibers in Non-woven (Development in Manufacturing Technology) 5 Conclusion References Structural Coloration in Textiles 1 Introduction 2 Structural Coloration in Nature 3 Mechanism of Structural Coloration 3.1 Interference of Thin-Film 3.2 Diffraction Gratings 3.3 Scattering of Light 3.4 Photonic Crystals 4 Reasons for the Development of Structural Coloration in the Textile Industry 5 Structural Color on Textiles 5.1 Structural Color by Directly Drawing from Colloidal Suspensions 5.2 Self-assembly of Colloidal Microspheres by Gravitational Sedimentation 5.3 Photonic Crystal Structure by Vertical Deposition Self-assembly 5.4 Use of Photonic Bandgap and Resonant Mie Scattering 5.5 Non-iridescent Structural Color by Rapid Polymerization of Dopamine 6 Conclusion References Waste Management in Textile Industry 1 Introduction 2 Types of Textile Wastes 3 Sources of Textile Wastes 4 Textile Waste and Present Scenario 5 Waste Management System 6 Benefits from Waste Management System 7 Waste Management Scenario 8 Waste Management Policy 8.1 Recycling of Textile Waste 8.2 Wastewater/Effluent Treatment 9 Textile Waste Reduction 10 Conclusion References Application of Biochemical in Textile 1 Introduction 1.1 Enzyme 1.2 Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes 1.3 Classification and Terminology of the Major Groups of Enzymes 1.4 The Systematic Names of Enzymes 1.5 List of Important Enzymes for Textile Application 2 Parameters of Enzymatic Treatment 3 Use of Enzymes in Different Textile Processing 3.1 Desizing 3.2 Scouring 3.3 Bleaching 3.4 Hydrogen Peroxide Removal 3.5 Bio-polishing 3.6 Denim Finishing 4 Other Potential Applications of Enzymes 4.1 Wool Anti-Felting 4.2 Increasing Dye Ability of Different Fibers 4.3 Decolorization of Textile Effluent 4.4 Synthetic Fiber Modification 5 Advantages of Enzymatic Processing or Using Enzymes 6 Conclusion References Nano Materials in Textile Processing 1 Nano and Nano-Materials 1.1 Classifications of Nano-Materials 1.2 Characteristics of Nano-Materials 1.3 Characterization of Nano-Materials 2 Application of Nano-Materials in Textiles 2.1 Nanotechnology for Water Repellent Textiles 2.2 Nanotechnology for UV Protection Textiles 2.3 Nanotechnology for Anti-Bacterial Textiles 2.4 Anti-Static Nano Finishes for Textiles 2.5 Nano Finishes for Wrinkle Resistant Textiles 2.6 Nano-Particles for Fabrication of Electronic Textiles 2.7 Nano-Materials for Textile Wastewater Treatment 3 Methods of Application of Nano-Particles on Textile 3.1 Sol–gel Technique 3.2 Electro Deposition of Nano-Material 3.3 Plasma Polymerization Coating 3.4 Layer-By-Layer Assembly 4 Prospect of Nano-Materials—Possibilities and Limitations 4.1 Next-Generation Finishing Technologies 5 Conclusions References