History of Russian Philosophy

Description

The Russian culture of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century has a world-wide significance. Such significance may be said to attach to a nation’s culture when the values developed in it hold for humanity as a whole. Such was the culture of ancient Greece and Rome, and, in modern times, of England, France, Germany, America; Russian culture in the form it had before the Bolshevik revolution undoubtedly also has a universal significance. To see the truth of this it is sufficient to recall the names of Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, or of Glinka, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Rimsky Korsakov, or the achievements of Russian theatrical art in the drama, the opera, the ballet. In the realm of science it is enough to mention the names of Lobachevsky, Mendeleyev and Mechnikov. The beauty, wealth, and subtlety of the Russian language give it an incontestable right to be considered one of the world languages. In the domain of political culture, e.g., in rural and municipal self-government, law and executive justice, imperial Russia created values which will prove to have a universal significance when they are sufficiently studied and understood, and above all, when they are reborn in the post-revolutionary development of the Russian state. For persons capable of religious experience it is unquestionable that Orthodoxy in the Russian form of it contains values of exceptionally high order of excellence; they can be most easily detected in the aesthetic aspect of the Russian-Orthodox worship. Russian Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century and in the First Part of the Nineteenth Century 9 II. Slavophils 15 1. I. Kireyevsky 15 2. A. Khomiakov 29 8. K. Aksakov-Y. Samarin 41 III. Westernizers 47 1. P. Chaadaev 47 2. N. Stankevich 51 3. V. Belinsky 5S 4. A. Hertsen 56 IV. Russian Materialists in the Sixties-Nihilism 59 1. M. Bakunin '59 2. N. Chernyshevsky 60 3. D. Pisarev 62 4. I. Sechenov 6~ v. Russian Positivists 65 1. P. Lavrov-G. Virubov-E. de Roberty 65 2. N. Mihailovsky 66 8. K. Kavelin-M. Troitsky-N. KareyevN. Korkunov 68 VI. Degeneration of Slavophilism 7~ 1. N. Danilevsky 7C 2. N. Strakhov-K. Leontiev 7~ VII. Precursors of Vladimir Soloviev 7~ 1. P. Yurkevich-V. Kudriavtsev 7~ 2. N. Fedorov 7~ VIII. Vladimir S. Soloviev 81 IX. Epistemology, Logic and Metaphysics in the Last Quarter of the Nineteenth Century . Ig4 I. B. Chicherin IS4 2. N. Debolsky 14~ 3. P. Bakunin 14,4 4. M. Karinsky 145 5. N. Grot 149 x. Princes S. and E. Trubetskoy 150 The Russian Personalists 1. I. A. Kozlov 2. L. Lopatin 3. N. Bugayev-P. Astafiev-E. Bobrov The Russian Neo-Kantians 1. A. Vvedensky 2. I. Lapshin 3. The Changing Mentality of Russian Intellectuals in the Beginning of the Twentieth Century 171 4. Father Pavel Florensky 176 5. Father Sergzus BuIgakov 192 6. N. Berdyaev 2~~ The Intuitivists 251 1. N. Lossky 251 2. s. Frank 266 3. A. Losev 292 4. D. Boldyrev-S. Levitsky 296 5. V. Kozhevnikov 297 L. Karsavin 299 Studies in Logic 315 Transcendental-Logical Idealism in Russia and Its Critic, V. Ern ~18 I. Representatives of Transcendental-Logical Idealism 318 2. Shestov's Irrationalism 325 3. v. Ern 326 Scientist-Philosophers 829 Jurist-Philosophers 333 Philosophical Ideas of Poet-Symbolists 835 I. Andrei Belyi 335 2. V. Ivanov-N. Minsky ~86 3. D. Merezhovsky 837 4. V. Rozanov ~42 Dialectical Materialism in the U.S.S.R. 345 I. Hegel's Dialectical Method 845 2. Dialectical Materialism ~47 The Influence of E. Mach and R. Avenarius on Marxists 378 Recent Developments in Russian Philosophy 381 I. S. Alexeyev (Askoldov) 381 2. V. Szylkarski 383 3. L. Kobilinsky 384 4. B. Vysheslavtsev 885 5. I. Ilyin 387 6. Father Vassili Zenkovsky 389 7. Father George Florovsky 391 8. V. Lossky 395 Characteristic Features of Russian Philosophy 402 Index 411