Capital and Labour on the Kimberley Diamond Fields, 1871–1890
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This first academic history of diamond mining in Kimberley is a major study of the beginning of South Africa's mineral revolution. It includes the first analysis of the formation of De Beers Consolidated Mines, one of the most successful mining companies ever to have been established in Africa. Based on new documentary sources, notably in the Standard Bank Archive, the Rothschild archive and the Philipson Stow Papers, it includes a new interpretation of the Black Flag revolt and of the celebrated amalgamation struggle between Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato for the control of the diamond-mining industry. CONTENTS 1 Diamond mining: an overview Diamonds The Kimberley Mines The Reef The five phases of competitive diamond production Haulage Transport, depositing floors and washing Fuel, dynamite and water Underground mining Conclusion 2 African labour in the early days Labour migration Desertion, diamond theft and violence The pass system Racism Conclusion 3 The new colonial state, 1873-75 The first election The Diggers' Committees The Committee of Public Safety The Defence League The Diggers' Protection Association The Black Flag Revolt The trial Vll Contents 4 The Black Flag Revolt: an analysis Diggers and share-workers Master and servant relations Rebel leaders Merchants, mining capitalists and the state Money-lenders Landed proprietors Conclusion Company mining Diamond merchants and the diamond trade Mining capitalists and mining companies The primitive accumulation of Cecil Rhodes The white working class The supply of African labour The social geography of Kimberley Conclusion 6 The 'share mania The Kimberley share market Colonial and London speculators Company promoters Conclusion 7 The depression and strikes of 1883 and 1884 The impact of the depression on profit in the mining industry A white labour policy for the mines The reorganisation of the division of labour The mineowners' legislative programme The 1883 strike The 1884 strike The aftermath 8 The closed compound system Improvement in yield and theft: the mineowners' case unmasked Underground mining and the introduction of closed compounds The De Beers convict station: the model for the closed compound Closed compounds and social welfare Mortality in comparative perspective Proletarian, stabilised or migrant workers Conclusion viii 9 Illicit diamond buying and the town economy Gonivas The Diamond Trade Act of
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