Endovascular Treatment of Arterial Emergencies

Description

This book presents a practical overview of the widely used endovascular treatment of arterial emergencies, covering the majority of cases encountered in praxis. Including a wealth of high-quality images of arterial emergencies and treatment descriptions, it provides readers with essential information and shares insights into endovascular options. However, the book focuses on presenting common arterial emergencies from diagnosis to treatment only, without exhaustively describing all endovascular options. The clinical cases explore thoracic arterial emergencies, followed by abdominal emergencies and peripheral arterial emergencies. Rare clinical cases are also examined. The book offers interventional radiologists, vascular surgeons and cardiologists, as well as residents in these disciplines, a valuable tool for use in their everyday clinical praxis. Preface Contents Abbreviations 1: Endovascular Armamentarium in Vascular Emergencies 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Catheters and Microcatheters 1.1.2 Stent Grafts 1.1.3 Mechanical Embolization Materials 1.1.4 Liquid Embolization Materials and Microspheres References 2: Diagnosis of Vascular Emergencies 2.1 Diagnosis of Endovascular Emergency 2.2 Computed Tomography (CT) Diagnosis of Endovascular Emergencies 2.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Diagnosis of Endovascular Emergencies 2.4 Invasive Angiographic Diagnosis of Endovascular Emergencies References 3: Thoracic Vascular Emergencies 3.1 Thoracic Aortic Dissections 3.1.1 Acute Complicated Aortic Dissection Type B 3.1.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.1.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.1.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.1.1.4 Outcome 3.1.2 Subacute Complicated Aortic Dissection Type B 3.1.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.1.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.1.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.1.2.4 Outcome 3.1.3 Acute Aortic Dissection Type B Presented with Rupture 3.1.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.1.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.1.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.1.3.4 Outcome 3.1.4 Subacute Aortic Dissection Type B Presented with Rupture 3.1.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.1.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.1.4.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.1.4.4 Outcome 3.1.5 Chronic Aortic Dissection with Enlarging Aneurysm-I 3.1.5.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.1.5.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.1.5.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.1.5.4 Outcome 3.1.6 Chronic Aortic Dissection with Enlarging Aneurysm-II 3.1.6.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.1.6.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.1.6.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.1.6.4 Outcome 3.2 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms 3.2.1 Ruptured Thoracic Descending Aortic Aneurysm 3.2.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.2.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.2.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.2.1.4 Outcome 3.2.2 Aortic Arch Aneurysm I 3.2.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.2.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.2.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.2.2.4 Outcome 3.2.3 Aortic Arch Aneurysm II 3.2.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.2.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.2.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.2.3.4 Outcome 3.2.4 Symptomatic Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm 3.2.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.2.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.2.4.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.2.4.4 Outcome 3.3 Thoracic Aortic Intramural Haematomas 3.3.1 Intramural Haematoma Involving the Ascending and Descending Aorta 3.3.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.3.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.3.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.3.1.4 Outcome 3.3.2 Intramural Haematoma in the Descending Aorta-I 3.3.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.3.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.3.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.3.2.4 Outcome 3.3.3 Intramural Haematoma in the Descending Aorta–II 3.3.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.3.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.3.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.3.3.4 Outcome 3.3.4 Intramural Haematoma in the Descending Aorta-III 3.3.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.3.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.3.4.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.3.4.4 Outcome 3.4 Penetrating Thoracic Aortic Ulcer 3.4.1 Penetrating Thoracic Ulcer in the Descending Aorta-I 3.4.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.4.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.4.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.4.1.4 Outcome 3.4.2 Penetrating Thoracic Ulcer in the Descending Aorta-II 3.4.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.4.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.4.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.4.2.4 Outcome 3.4.3 Penetrating Thoracic Ulcer in the Descending Aorta-III 3.4.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.4.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.4.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.4.3.4 Outcome 3.5 Thoracic Aortic Trauma 3.5.1 Thoracic Aortic Trauma-I 3.5.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.5.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.5.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.5.1.4 Outcome 3.5.2 Thoracic aortic trauma-II 3.5.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.5.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.5.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.5.2.4 Outcome 3.5.3 Thoracic Aortic Trauma-III 3.5.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.5.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.5.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.5.3.4 Outcome 3.6 Thoracic Arterial Bleeding 3.6.1 Pulmonary Artery Bleeding 3.6.1.1 Bleeding from a Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Aetiology and Clinical Presentation Pre-interventional Diagnosis Endovascular Treatment Outcome 3.6.1.2 Bleeding from a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm/Pseudoaneurysm Aetiology and Clinical Presentation Pre-interventional Diagnosis Endovascular Treatment Outcome 3.7 Intercostal/Bronchial Artery Bleeding 3.7.1 Bleeding from the Intercostal-Bronchial Artery 3.7.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.7.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.7.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.7.1.4 Outcome 3.7.2 Bleeding from the Bronchial Artery 3.7.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.7.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.7.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.7.2.4 Outcome 3.7.3 Bleeding from the Intercostal Artery 3.7.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 3.7.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 3.7.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 3.7.3.4 Outcome 4: Abdominal Vascular Emergency 4.1 Abdominal Aortic Emergencies 4.1.1 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm-Symptomatic 4.1.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.1.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.1.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.1.1.4 Outcome 4.1.2 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm-Ruptured 4.1.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.1.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.1.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.1.2.4 Outcome 4.1.3 Iliac Artery Aneurysm-Ruptured 4.1.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.1.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.1.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.1.3.4 Outcome 4.1.4 Mycotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 4.1.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.1.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.1.4.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.1.4.4 Outcome 4.1.5 Abdominal Aorto-Iliac Occlusion 4.1.5.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.1.5.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.1.5.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.1.5.4 Outcome 4.2 Visceral Artery Aneurysms 4.2.1 Splenic Artery-I 4.2.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.1.4 Outcome 4.2.2 Splenic Artery-II 4.2.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.2.4 Outcome 4.2.3 Hepatic Artery–I 4.2.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.3.4 Outcome 4.2.4 Hepatic Artery-II 4.2.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.4.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.4.4 Outcome 4.2.5 Left Gastric Artery 4.2.5.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.5.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.5.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.5.4 Outcome 4.2.6 Gastroduodenal Artery I 4.2.6.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.6.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.6.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.6.4 Outcome 4.2.7 Gastroduodenal Artery II 4.2.7.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.7.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.7.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.7.4 Outcome 4.2.8 Superior Mesenteric Artery 4.2.8.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.8.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.8.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.8.4 Outcome 4.2.9 Inferior Mesenteric Artery 4.2.9.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.9.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.9.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.9.4 Outcome 4.2.10 Renal Artery-I 4.2.10.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.10.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.10.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.2.10.4 Outcome 4.2.11 Renal Artery-II 4.2.11.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.2.11.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.2.11.3 Endovascular Intervention 4.2.11.4 Outcome 4.3 Visceral Artery Occlusive Diseases 4.3.1 Superior Mesenteric Artery-I 4.3.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.3.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.3.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.3.1.4 Outcome 4.3.2 Superior Mesenteric Artery-II 4.3.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.3.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.3.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.3.2.4 Outcome 4.3.3 Inferior Mesenteric Artery 4.3.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.3.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.3.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.3.3.4 Outcome 4.3.4 Renal Artery 4.3.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.3.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.3.4.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.3.4.4 Outcome 4.4 Abdominal Arterial Bleeding 4.4.1 Coeliac Trunk-Left Gastric Artery 4.4.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.4.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.4.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.4.1.4 Outcome 4.4.2 Superior Mesenteric Artery-I 4.4.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.4.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.4.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.4.2.4 Outcome 4.4.3 Superior Mesenteric Artery-II 4.4.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.4.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.4.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.4.3.4 Outcome 4.4.4 Inferior Mesenteric Artery 4.4.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 4.4.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 4.4.4.3 Endovascular Treatment 4.4.4.4 Outcome 5: Pelvic Vascular Emergencies 5.1 External Iliac Artery Bleeding 5.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 5.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 5.1.3 Endovascular Intervention 5.1.4 Outcome 5.2 Internal Iliac Artery Bleeding 5.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 5.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 5.2.3 Endovascular Intervention 5.2.4 Outcome 5.3 Uterine Artery Bleeding-I 5.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 5.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 5.3.3 Endovascular Intervention 5.3.4 Outcome 5.4 Uterine Artery Bleeding-II 5.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 5.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 5.4.3 Endovascular Intervention 5.4.4 Outcome 5.5 Uterine Artery Bleeding-III 5.5.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 5.5.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 5.5.3 Endovascular Intervention 5.5.4 Outcome 5.6 Arterio-Enteric Fistula Bleeding-I 5.6.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 5.6.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 5.6.3 Endovascular Treatment 5.6.4 Outcome 5.7 Arterio-Enteric Fistula Bleeding–II 5.7.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 5.7.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 5.7.3 Endovascular Intervention 5.7.4 Outcome 6: Peripheral Artery Vascular Emergency 6.1 Carotid Artery 6.1.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 6.1.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 6.1.3 Endovascular Treatment 6.1.4 Outcome 6.2 Subclavian Artery-I 6.2.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 6.2.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 6.2.3 Endovascular Treatment 6.2.4 Outcome 6.3 Subclavian Artery-II 6.3.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 6.3.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 6.3.3 Endovascular Treatment 6.3.4 Outcome 6.4 Femoral Artery-I 6.4.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 6.4.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 6.4.3 Endovascular Treatment 6.4.4 Outcome 6.5 Femoral Artery-II 6.5.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 6.5.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 6.5.3 Endovascular Treatment 6.5.4 Outcome 6.6 Popliteal Artery 6.6.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 6.6.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 6.6.3 Endovascular Intervention 6.6.4 Outcome 6.7 Crural Arteries 6.7.1 Aetiology and Clinical Presentation 6.7.2 Pre-interventional Diagnosis 6.7.3 Endovascular Treatment 6.7.4 Outcome