Templated Fabrication of Graphene-Based Materials for Energy Applications

Description

In Templated Fabrication of Graphene-Based Materials for Energy Applications, a team of distinguished materials scientists delivers a unique and topical exploration of a versatile fabrication method used to create high-quality graphene and composites. The book offers a three-part approach to current topics in graphene fabrication. The first part introduces graphene-based materials and is followed by cutting-edge discussions of template methods used in the preparation of graphene-based materials. The editors conclude with the latest research in the area of graphene-based materials applications in various energy-related pursuits. Readers will find relevant content that refers to original research conducted by the editors themselves, as well as work from up-and-coming and established researchers that explores the most interesting horizons in the study of graphene-based materials. The book also provides: A thorough introduction to graphene, including its history and physical properties. An in-depth analysis of current graphene synthesis strategies, including the classification of graphene preparations. Expansive discussions of various kinds of template methods for graphene production, including the study of porous metals and the preparation of graphene in large quantities. Comprehensive explorations of the applications of various graphene-based materials, including lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors. Perfect for materials scientists, electrochemists, and solid-state physicists, Templated Fabrication of Graphene-Based Materials for Energy Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of physical chemists and professionals in the electrotechnical industry. Cover Half Title Templated Fabrication of Graphene-Based Materials for Energy Application Copyright Contents Preface List of Abbreviations 1. Graphene-Based Materials: Structure and Properties 1.1 Introduction to Carbon Materials 1.2 History of Graphene 1.3 Structure of Graphene 1.4 Properties of Graphene 1.5 Structure Defects of Graphene 1.5.1 Carbon Adatoms Defects 1.5.2 Graphene Extrinsic Defects 1.6 Different Dimensional Graphene 1.6.1 3D Graphene Architectures (3DG) 1.7 Graphene Composites 1.7.1 Graphene/Conductive Polymer Composites 1.7.2 Graphene/Inorganic Composites 1.8 Applications of Graphene References 2. Graphene Synthesis: An Overview of Current Status 2.1 Top-Down Approaches 2.1.1 Mechanical Cleavage 2.1.2 Exfoliation 2.1.2.1 Liquid Exfoliation 2.1.2.2 Solid Exfoliation 2.1.2.3 Oxidation–Exfoliation–Reduction 2.1.2.4 Intercalation Exfoliation 2.2 Bottom-up Approaches 2.2.1 Epitaxy Growth 2.2.1.1 Direct Thermal Annealing 2.2.1.2 Molecular-Beam Epitaxy (MBE) 2.2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition on Metal Substrate 2.2.3 CVD on Nanoporous Metal Template 2.2.4 Powder Metallurgy Template Method 2.2.5 Soluble-Salt-Template Methods 2.2.6 Other Methods 2.2.6.1 CNTs Unzipping 2.2.6.2 Molecular Self-Assembly 2.2.6.3 Laser Ablation 2.2.6.4 Pyrolysis of Solid Carbon Sources References 3. Nanoporous Metal Template Methods 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Dealloying Method for the Preparation of Nanoporous Metal Foil 3.3 Nanoporous Ni as the Substrate for the Growth of 3D Nanoporous 3.3.1 3D Nanoporous Graphene 3.3.2 Heteroatoms-Doped 3D Nanoporous Graphene 3.3.2.1 N-Doped 3D Nanoporous Graphene 3.3.2.2 N, S Co-Doped 3D Nanoporous Graphene 3.3.2.3 N, S, P Tri-Doped 3D Nanoporous Graphene 3.3.2.4 N and Ni Single Atoms Co-Doped 3D Nanoporous Graphene 3.3.2.5 Li Metal Anode Application of 3D Nanoporous Graphene 3.3.3 3D Nanoporous rGO 3.3.4 3D Nanoporous Graphene-Based Composite Materials 3.4 Nanoporous Cu as the Substrate for the Growth of 3D Nanoporous 3.4.1 Continuously Hierarchical Nanoporous Graphene 3.4.2 Heteroatoms-Doped 3D Nanoporous Graphene 3.4.3 3D Nanoporous Graphene-Based Composites References 4. Soluble-Salt-Template Methods 4.1 Salt-Template Methods 4.1.1 The Effects of Different Kinds of Salts 4.1.2 The Acquisition Method of Salt Templates 4.1.3 The Other Important Influencing Parameters 4.2 Salt-Template-Directed Graphene-Based Materials 4.2.1 2D Graphene-Based Materials 4.2.2 3D Porous Graphene-Based Materials 4.3 Outlook References 5. Powder Metallurgy Templates Methods 5.1 Powder Metallurgy 5.2 Powder Metallurgy Templates Methods 5.2.1 Basic Synthesis Procedures of PMT Method 5.2.2 The Selection of Metal Templates 5.2.3 The Selection of Carbon Sources 5.2.4 The Influence of Metal Templates/Carbon Sources Ratio 5.2.5 The Influence of Heating Temperature and Heating Method 5.2.6 The Influence of Cold-Pressing Pressure 5.3 Mechanism of Powder Metallurgy Templates Method 5.4 3D GM and Its Composites Prepared by PMT Method 5.5 Additive Manufacturing 5.6 Outlook for PMT and Additive Manufacturing Method References 6. Graphene-Based Materials for Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Graphene-Based Insertion Composites 6.2.1 TiO2/Graphene Composites 6.3 Graphene-Based Alloying-Type Composites 6.3.1 Metal/Graphene Alloy-Type Composites 6.3.2 Nonmetal/Graphene Alloy-Type Composites 6.4 Graphene-Based Conversion-Type Composites 6.4.1 Transition Metal Oxides/Graphene Composites 6.4.2 Transition Metal Sulfides/Graphene Composites 6.4.2.1 Conventional Metal Sulfides/Graphene Composites 6.4.2.2 2D Metal Disulfides/Graphene Composites 6.5 Summary and Outlook References 7. Graphene-Based Materials for Lithium-Metal Batteries 7.1 Graphene-Based Nanoscale Layers 7.2 Graphene-Based Hosts for Li Storage 7.2.1 Graphene-Based Hosts with High SSA 7.2.2 Free-Standing 3D Graphene-Based Hosts 7.3 Heteroatom-Doped Graphene for Uniform Lithium Nucleation 7.4 Graphene Combined with Other “lithiophilic” Materials 7.5 Outlook References 8. Graphene-Based Materials for Li–S Batteries 8.1 Development History of Li–S Batteries 8.2 Working Mechanism of Li–S Battery 8.3 Challenges of Li–S Batteries 8.4 Overview of the Graphene as Host for S 8.4.1 High-Quality Graphene 8.4.2 Heteroatom-Doped Graphene 8.4.3 Functionalized Graphene 8.4.4 Structure-Designed Graphene 8.4.5 Graphene-Based Composites 8.4.6 Metal Compound Anchored on Graphene 8.4.7 Metal Compounds Anchored on Carbon Composite Material 8.4.8 Graphene Used in Separator 8.4.8.1 Carbon Material as a Coating Layer 8.4.8.2 Carbon Material/Inorganic Metal Compound Composite as a Coating Layer References 9. Graphene-Based Materials for Supercapacitors 9.1 Supercapacitor 9.1.1 Fundamentals 9.1.2 Mechanism 9.1.3 Comparison Between Supercapacitor and Li-Ion Battery 9.1.4 Influencing Factors of Carbon-Based Supercapacitor 9.2 Graphene-Based Supercapacitor 9.2.1 Advantages of Graphene Used in Supercapacitors 9.2.2 Improving the Performance of Graphene-Based Supercapacitors 9.2.2.1 Design of Graphene Electrode 9.2.2.2 Heteroatom-Doping of Graphene 9.2.2.3 Constructing 3D Graphene by Template Method 9.2.2.4 Introducing Composition on Graphene 9.2.3 Advanced Graphene-Based Supercapacitors 9.2.3.1 Electrolyte Design 9.2.3.2 Asymmetric Supercapacitors 9.2.3.3 Metal-Ion Capacitor 9.2.3.4 Flexible Supercapacitor 9.2.3.5 Microsupercapacitor 9.3 Future Prospects References 10. Graphene-Based Materials for Electrocatalysis 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Preparation of Graphene-Based Materials for Electrocatalysis 10.2.1 Heteroatom Doping Graphene-Based Materials 10.2.1.1 Single Doping Graphene 10.2.1.2 Multidoping Graphene 10.2.2 Edge and Defect Sites 10.2.3 Graphene as Supports 10.2.4 Template Method Synthesis of Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts 10.3 Application of Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts 10.3.1 Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting 10.3.2 Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for ORR 10.3.3 Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for CO2RR 10.3.4 Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts for NRR 10.4 Outlook References Index