Southern African Perspectives on Sustainable Tourism Management: Tourism and Changing Localities

Description

This edited collection focuses on tourism development, sustainability and local change in southern Africa. The book offers a range of both conceptual and applied perspectives that address various changes in southern African tourism and community development relations. The key drivers of change that include climate change and globalization form the context for the diverse and interesting set of case studies from the region. The main conceptual grounds of the book cover sustainability, sustainable development goals (SDGs), responsibility, vulnerability, adaptation, resilience, governance, local development and inclusive growth. In this book sustainability is seen as one of the most important issues currently facing the tourism sector, affecting all types and scales of tourism operations and environments in the region. Tourism is an increasingly important economy in the southern African region and the industry is creating changes for communities and environment while also facing major challenges caused by global trends and changes. The book offers a case study driven approach to sustainability needs of tourism development in local community contexts. The case study chapters are linked through the book’s focus on sustainable tourism and local community development. Through emphasizing the need to understand both global change and local contexts in sustainable tourism development, this book is a valuable resource for all those working in the field. Preface and Acknowledgements Contents Chapter 1: Sustainable Tourism Development in the Southern African Context: An Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Sustainable Development Goals and Tourism Development 1.3 Sustainable Tourism Development and Management in Southern Africa 1.4 The Contributions References Chapter 2: Sustainability Consciousness in the Hospitality Sector in Zimbabwe 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Sustainability Consciousness 2.3 Materials and Methods 2.4 Sustainability Awareness in the Zimbabwean Hospitality Sector 2.4.1 Survey Results 2.4.2 Interview Results 2.4.3 Sustainable Hospitality Practices 2.5 Discussion of Findings 2.6 Conclusion References Chapter 3: In Pursuit of Sustainable Tourism in Botswana: Perceptions of Maun Tourism Accommodation Operators on Tourism Certification and Eco-Labelling 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Tourism Certification and Eco-Labels: A Review 3.3 Tourism Certification and Eco-Labelling in Botswana 3.4 Methods 3.4.1 Study Area 3.4.2 Data Collection and Analysis 3.5 Results and Discussions 3.5.1 Background Information of Interviewees and Business Entities they Represented 3.5.2 Tourism Eco-Labelling: Perceptions of Maun Tourism Operators 3.5.3 Tourism Eco-Certification and Eco-Labelling: Experiences from Maun 3.5.4 Perceptions on Reasons Behind the Slow Uptake of Tourism Eco-Labelling Schemes by Tourism Businesses 3.6 Conclusion References Chapter 4: Inbound Tour Operator Participation in Sustainable Tourism Practices: A Focus on South Africa 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Defining Sustainable Tourism 4.3 Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Development 4.4 Sustainable Tour Operator Development 4.4.1 Sustainability Reporting 4.4.2 Supply Chain Management 4.4.3 Cooperation with Destinations 4.5 Sustainable Tourism Certification 4.5.1 Defining Certification 4.5.2 Challenges and Developments Within the Certification 4.5.3 Certification in South Africa 4.6 Case Study: South Africa 4.6.1 Background 4.6.2 Sustainable Supply Chain Management (Supply-Side) 4.6.3 Sustainable Supply Chain Management (Demand-Side) 4.6.4 The Value of Certification Programmes in Sustainable Tourism Development 4.7 Gaps and Recommendations 4.8 Conclusion References Chapter 5: Tourism-Led Inclusive Growth Paradigm: Opportunities and Challenges in the Agricultural Food Supply Chain in Livingstone, Zambia 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Inclusive Growth: Tourism – Agriculture Nexus 5.3 Tourism-Led Inclusive Growth in Livingstone, Zambia 5.3.1 Case Site and Methodology 5.3.2 Tourism-Agriculture Linkages 5.3.3 Inclusive Growth Outcomes Expected and Experienced by Farmers Supplying the Accommodation Sub-sector 5.3.4 Challenges Expected and Experienced by Farmers Supplying the Accommodation Sub-sector 5.3.5 Strategies Proposed by Farmers to Address Unfulfilled Positive Experiences & Experienced Challenges 5.4 Conclusion and Recommendation References Chapter 6: Insourcing the Indigenous Without Outsourcing the Story Teller: A Sustainable African Solution 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Tourism and the Indigene 6.3 Storytelling and Tourism 6.4 Regulated Tourist Guiding 6.5 Insourcing the Storyteller – An African Sustainable Solution 6.6 //Khomani Cultural Landscape, Northern Cape References Chapter 7: Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Joint Venture Partnerships in Community-Based Tourism Between the Private Sector and Goo-Moremi Residents, Botswana 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Community-Based Tourism in Botswana 7.2.1 Institutional Background: Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) 7.2.2 Community-Based Cultural Tourism 7.3 Moremi Community-Based Organisation and Tourism 7.4 Methodology 7.4.1 Study Area: Context 7.4.2 The ‘GORGE’ as an Ecotour and a Place for Tourism Activities 7.4.3 Data Collection and Analysis 7.5 Community Level Benefits of Cultural Tourism in Goo-Moremi 7.5.1 CBO/Trust and Joint Venture Partnership 7.5.2 Community Involvement in the Upkeep of the CBO/Trust 7.5.3 Level of Commitment by the Community to Their CBO/Trust 7.5.4 Knowledge About Finance-Profits of the CBO/Trust 7.6 Challenges of the Joined Venture Partnership with the Community 7.6.1 Challenges Experienced Before the Establishment of the JVP with the CBO/Trust 7.6.2 Poor Communication Between the Operator, CBO/Trust & Residents 7.6.3 Management Issues 7.7 Conclusions References Chapter 8: Socio-economic Impacts of Community-Based Ecotourism on Rural Livelihoods: A Case Study of Khawa Village in the Kalahari Region, Botswana 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Community-Based Ecotourism 8.3 The Case Study: Socio-economic Impacts of Community-Based Ecotourism in Khawa 8.3.1 Khawa Village 8.3.2 Methods 8.3.3 Demographic Characteristics (Household Interview) 8.3.4 Socio-economic Impacts: Economic-Tourism Related Activities 8.4 Conclusions References Chapter 9: Community-Based Tourism as a Pathway Towards Sustainable Livelihoods and Well-being in Southern Africa 9.1 Introduction 9.2 CBNRM and Wildlife Management 9.3 Peacebuilding 9.4 Tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods 9.5 Methods and Approach 9.6 Findings: Case Studies 9.6.1 Case Study: Mababe, Ngamiland District (Botswana) 9.6.1.1 Community-Based Tourism, Conflict and Peacebuilding Efforts in Mababe 9.6.2 Case Study: Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe) 9.6.2.1 Collaborative Resource Management in Communities Adjacent to Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe 9.6.2.2 Human-Wildlife Conflict in Hwange 9.7 Discussion 9.8 Conclusion and Recommendations References Chapter 10: Changing Environment and the Political Ecology of Authenticity in Heritage Tourism: A Case of the Ovahimba and the Ju/’Hoansi-San Living Museums in Namibia 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Heritage, Tourism, and Authenticity 10.2.1 Heritage Tourism 10.2.2 Authenticity in Tourism 10.3 The Ovahimbas and the Ju/’Hoansi San 10.4 Case Study Sites and Research Materials 10.5 Heritage Tourism and Authenticity in the Ovahimba and the Ju/’Hoansi-San Living Museums 10.5.1 Visiting Living Museums 10.5.2 Drought and Performed Authenticity of Heritage Tourism 10.6 Conclusions References Chapter 11: Perspectives on the Applicability of Nexus Thinking to Private Protected Areas: A Case Study of Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Botswana 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Literature Review 11.2.1 Tourism Context 11.2.2 The Poverty Versus the Environment Debate 11.2.3 Community-Based Natural Resource Management: An Overview 11.2.4 The Concept and Relevance of Nexus Thinking 11.3 The Study Area and Methodology 11.3.1 Mokolodi Nature Reserve 11.4 Methodology 11.4.1 Target Population and Research Design 11.4.2 Data Collection Methods 11.5 Results 11.5.1 Key Informant Stakeholders 11.5.1.1 Stakeholder Perceptions on the Opportunities and Challenges of Applying Nexus Thinking: Conservation, Ecotourism and Local Livelihoods for the MNR 11.6 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations References Chapter 12: Environmental Change, Wildlife-Based Tourism and Sustainability in Chobe National Park, Botswana 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Methodology 12.2.1 The Case Study Area 12.2.2 Research Materials and Analysis 12.3 Results and Discussion 12.3.1 Demographic Profile 12.3.2 Drivers of Environmental Change 12.3.3 Nature of Environmental Change in CNP 12.3.4 Perceptions of Environmental Change on Wildlife-Based Tourism 12.4 Sustainability Management Issues in Wildlife-Based Tourism 12.5 Conclusions and Recommendations References Chapter 13: The Impact of Rhino Poaching on the Economic Dimension of Sustainable Development in Wildlife Tourism 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Wildlife Tourism 13.3 Economic Aspects of Wildlife Tourism 13.4 Tourists’ Willingness to Pay for Wildlife Viewing 13.5 Wildlife Poaching 13.6 The Economic Impact of Rhino Poaching and Tourism 13.7 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 14: Locational Heterogeneity in Climate Change Threats to Beach Tourism Destinations in South Africa 14.1 Introduction 14.2 South African Beach Tourism Destinations Exposed to Heterogeneous Climate Change Threats 14.2.1 Heterogeneous Changes in Weather Patterns 14.2.2 Heterogeneous Sea Level Rise Threatening Beach Tourism Destinations 14.2.3 Heterogeneity in Indirect and Induced Climate Change Implications 14.3 Heterogeneous Sensitivity of the South African Beach Tourism Sector 14.3.1 Methods 14.3.2 Heterogeneous Climate Perceptions at South African Beach Tourism Destinations 14.4 Conclusion References Chapter 15: Sustainable Tourism Development Needs in the Southern African Context: Concluding Remarks 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Tourism for Sustainable Development Goals 15.3 Concluding Remarks: Towards Governing Resilient Tourism and SDGs Nexus for Localities References