The Biggings, Papa Stour, Shetland: The History and Excavation of a Royal Norwegian Farm

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With Lyn Blackmore, Paul C. Buckland, Simon Buttler, the late Camilla Dickson, Kevin J. Edwards, Carole Morris, Anthony Newton, Sonia O'Connor, Penelope Walton Rogers, Andrea Smith, Catherine Smith, Hans-Georg Stephan, Birthe Weber, Graeme Whittington & Robert Will, and contributions by J. W. Allen, Torben Ballin, Donal Bateson, Helen Bennett, Gordon Cook, R. M. M. Crawford, A. J. G. Crawshaw, Andrew Dugmore, Alexander Fenton, Christopher Harris, Julian Henderson, John Hirst, Denys Pringle, James Rackham, Paul Wilthew and F. Woodward. This volume is published jointly with Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi. This study of a royal Norwegian farm on the Shetland island of Papa Stour was inspired by a document of 1299 recording the meeting between a Norwegian royal official and a woman who had accused him of treachery to his royal master. Acknowledgements ix Specialist acknowledgements xi List of illustrations xiii List of tables xvii Abbreviations xviii Foreword / Alexander Fenton xix Introduction - Papa Stour the project / Barbara E. Crawford xxi 1. Papa Stour: the natural setting / Barbara E. Crawford & Beverley Ballin Smith with J. W. Allen & R. M. M. Crawford 1 2. The historical setting: Shetland from the pre-Viking age to the modern period / Barbara E. Crawford 9 3. Papa Stour in history / Barbara E. Crawford 24 4. Papa Stour: the events of 1299 / Barbara E. Crawford 47 5. Papa Stour: the excavations at the Biggings 62 6. Environmental material 97 7. The artefactual material 125 8. The buildings at the Biggings: sequence and function / Barbara E. Crawford & Beverley Ballin Smith 207 9. Final discussion and conclusions / Barbara E Crawford 239 References 249 Glossary of Norwegian terms 264 Index 265