Moral Reasoning A Text and Reader on Ethics and Contemporary Moral Issues

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Cover......Page 1 Moral Reasoning......Page 2 Contents......Page 6 Acknowledgments......Page 10 A Note to Instructors......Page 12 Preface......Page 14 Part I: Reasoning About Moral and Non-Moral Issues......Page 16 Chapter 1: An Introduction to Arguments......Page 17 Chapter 2: Moral Arguments......Page 29 Part II: Ways of Reasoning About Moral Issues......Page 40 Chapter 3: Reasoning with Obligations......Page 41 Chapter 4: Reasoning with Consequences......Page 50 Chapter 5: Reasoning with Virtues and Vices......Page 61 Chapter 6: Reasoning with Principles and Counterexamples......Page 72 Chapter 7: Reasoning by Analogy......Page 82 Chapter 8: Answering Moral Questions......Page 91 Part III: Moral Theory and Moral Reasoning......Page 106 Chapter 9: Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism......Page 107 Chapter 10: Religion and Moral Reasoning......Page 120 Chapter 11: Normative Theories, Part 1......Page 129 Chapter 12: Normative Theories, Part 2......Page 142 Part IV: Appendices......Page 152 Appendix 1: How to Write an Ethics Paper......Page 153 Appendix 2: Additional Case Studies......Page 165 Part V: Readings......Page 176 Tips on Reading Philosophy......Page 177 Immanuel Kant / Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals......Page 179 Jeremy Bentham / An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation......Page 186 John Stuart Mill / Utilitarianism......Page 190 Aristotle / Nicomachean Ethics......Page 199 Stephanie Collins / Care Ethics: The Four Key Claims......Page 208 Mencius / Essential Mengzi: Selected Passages with Traditional Commentary......Page 220 Kwasi Wiredu / The Moral Foundations of an African Culture......Page 231 Yolanda Estes / Mutual Respect and Sexual Morality......Page 241 Tom Dougherty / Sex, Lies, and Consent......Page 248 Anne W. Eaton / A Sensible Antiporn Feminism......Page 267 J. L. A. Garcia / The Heart of Racism......Page 289 Laurence Thomas / What Good Am I?......Page 309 Xiaofei Liu / No Fats, Femmes, or Asians......Page 314 Mary Anne Warren / On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion......Page 328 Don Marquis / Why Abortion Is Immoral......Page 335 Judith Jarvis Thomson / A Defense of Abortion......Page 346 Susan M. Wolf / Physician-Assisted Suicide......Page 357 James Rachels / Active and Passive Euthanasia......Page 367 J. Gay-Williams / The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia......Page 372 Ernest van den Haag / The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense......Page 375 Stephen Nathanson / An Eye for an Eye? The Morality of Punishing by Death......Page 381 Thaddeus Metz / African Values and Capital Punishment......Page 387 Henry Shue / Torture......Page 393 Alan M. Dershowitz / Should the Ticking Time Bomb Terrorist Be Tortured?......Page 404 Jeff McMahan / Torture in Principle and in Practice......Page 418 Jeff McMahan / The Ethics of Killing in War......Page 429 Cheryl Abbate / Assuming Risk: A Critical Analysis of a Soldier’s Duty to Prevent Collateral Casualties......Page 445 Bradley Jay Strawser / Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles......Page 462 Peter Singer / All Animals Are Equal......Page 483 Bonnie Steinbock / Speciesism and the Idea of Equality......Page 494 Alastair Norcross / Puppies, Pigs, and People: Eating Meat and Marginal Cases......Page 501 Onora Nell / Lifeboat Earth......Page 513 Peter Singer / Famine, Affluence, and Morality......Page 522 Fiona Woollard / Saving Strangers: What Does Morality Demand?......Page 530 Walter Sinnott-Armstrong / It’s Not My Fault: Global Warming and Individual Moral Obligations......Page 536 John Broome / Private Morality and Climate Change......Page 550 Sarah Krakoff / Parenting the Planet......Page 561 Index......Page 577