Ageing in China: What does it mean for the Job Market?

Description

This book provides a comprehensive examination of the effect of ageing population in China on labour market. The delay in releasing 2020 census data in China once again drew world’s attention to the ageing population in China: the births have fallen to their lowest level since the 1960s. The relaxation of one-child child policy seems to have little impact to reverse the declining birth rate starting in the 2010s. Rising longevity have made China - the most populous country in the world- fast becoming an ageing society. Within a few decades, it will become the country with the largest ageing population in the world.   This book adopts a multi-disciplinary approach to explore the effects of ageing population on labour market at three levels: Macro, organizational and individual levels. Population ageing in China is of interest to researchers, practitioners and policy makers across the world. Population ageing has profound effects on various parts of the society, and this book will focus on the labour market, aiming at producing a comprehensive picture of how population ageing affecting the composition of workforce and the way people work from the perspective of individuals, organization and society as a whole. This book examines China’s population ageing through the lens of economics, management and sociology, in order to produce a comprehensive understanding of this issue. This book includes cutting-edge research and most up-to-date statistics for arguably China’s most important social change for the next few decades.  This book encases high quality research on China’s ageing population and is expected to the reliable source of information for future research and policy development. This book presents a collection of chapters examining the impact of population ageing at three levels in order to provide a holistic view of this matter and allow readers to choose the topic that meet their interests.   Foreword References Contents About the Editors Chapter 1: Population Ageing in China: A Time Bomb or Opportunity for Prosperity? 1.1 Trends in China´s Labour Market in 10 Figures: From 2000 to 2020 1.1.1 Trend One: Ageing Population 1.1.2 Trend 2: Dwindling Labour Supply 1.1.3 Trend 3: Shrinking Private Sector Employment 1.1.4 Trend Four: Rising Pay Gaps 1.1.5 Trend Five: Human Capital 1.2 Summary of Chapters 1.3 Turning Challenges into Opportunities of Future Prosperity: What Can Be Done? References Chapter 2: Mapping China´s Labour Force in 2035 Through the Lens of Two Censuses 2.1 Estimate `Entry´ and `Exit´ Human Capital 2.1.1 Method of Labour Supply and Human Capital Stock Estimation 2.1.2 Definition of the `Entry´ and `Exit´ Labour 2.2 China´s Labour Force: From 2010 to 2035 2.2.1 Age and Qualification Distribution 2.2.2 Labour Force at the Entry and Exit Stage 2.2.3 Projecting China´s Labour Market in 2035 2.3 Balancing Supply and Demand of Human Capital: Different Policy Scenarios 2.3.1 Extending the Compulsory Education Years 2.3.2 Delaying Retirement 2.3.3 The Combined Effect of Policy Adjustments 2.4 Policy Recommendations References Chapter 3: Penalties for Childbirth in China: A Review of Empirical Evidence 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Background: Evolution of Fertility Policies in China 3.3 Research Method 3.4 Findings 3.4.1 The Procreation Cost 3.4.2 Career Disruption 3.4.3 Wage Penalties 3.5 Discussion and Conclusions References Chapter 4: Impact of Female-Focused HRM Practices on Workplace Outcomes in China 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Conceptual Framework 4.2.1 Female-Focused HRM Practices 4.2.2 Perceived Organisational Support (POS) 4.2.3 Workplace Outcomes 4.3 Method 4.3.1 Sample 4.3.2 Measures 4.4 Findings 4.4.1 Common Method Variance (CMV) 4.4.2 Hypotheses Tests 4.5 Discussions and Conclusions References Chapter 5: What Drives Older People in China to Work? 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature Review 5.3 Methodology 5.3.1 Model and Explanatory Variables 5.3.2 Data and Variables of Interest 5.4 Findings 5.4.1 Overall Impact 5.4.2 Gender Difference 5.4.3 Location and Age Effect 5.5 Discussion and Conclusions References Chapter 6: Family Care or Work? Impact of Family Elderly Care on the Propensity to Work 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses 6.3 Data, Measures and Methodology 6.3.1 Data and Sample 6.3.2 Measures 6.3.2.1 Dependent Variable 6.3.2.2 Independent Variable 6.3.2.3 Mediating Variables 6.3.2.4 Control Variables 6.3.3 Data Analysis 6.4 Results 6.4.1 Sample Characteristics 6.4.2 Association Between Family Elderly Care and the Propensity to Work 6.4.3 The Mediating Effect 6.4.4 Robustness and Sensitivity Checks 6.4.4.1 Subgroup Comparisons 6.5 Discussion 6.6 Conclusion References Chapter 7: Rural Age Pensions and Rural-Urban Migration in China 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Literature Review 7.3 Primary Data 7.3.1 Data Collection 7.3.2 Data Description 7.4 Methods and Variables 7.5 Results 7.6 Conclusion and Policy Implications References Chapter 8: Informal Employment at an Older Age in China: Why Your First Job Matters 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Background and Hypothesis Development 8.2.1 Background 8.2.2 Labour Market Segmentation and the Dual Labour Market 8.2.3 ``Cumulative Dis/advantage´´ Theory 8.3 Methodology 8.3.1 Data Source and Sample 8.3.2 Variables 8.4 Results 8.4.1 Descriptive Analysis 8.4.2 Logistic Regression Model 8.5 Discussion and Conclusion References