Global Governance and the Emergence of Global Institutions for the 21St Century

Description

Is there any hope for those who despair at the state of the world and the powerlessness of governments to find a way forward? Global Governance and the Emergence of Global Institutions for the 21st Century provides ambitious but reasonable proposals to give our globalized world the institutions of international governance necessary to address effectively the catastrophic risks facing humanity that are beyond national control. The solution, the authors suggest, is to extend to the international level the same principles of sensible governance that exist in well-governed national systems: rule of law, legislation in the common interest, an executive branch to implement such legislation, and courts to enforce it. The best protection is unified collective action, based on shared values and respect for diversity, applying widely accepted international principles to advance universal human prosperity and well-being. Augusto Lopez-Claros is Executive Director of the Global Governance Forum. During 2017–19 he was Senior Fellow in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. He is former Director of the Global Indicators Group at the World Bank and Chief Economist at the World Economic Forum. He is coauthor of Equality for Women = Prosperity for All (2018). Arthur Lyon Dahl is President of the International Environment Forum and a retired senior official of UN Environment. He is the author of In Pursuit of Hope: A Guide for the Seeker (2019), The Eco Principle: Ecology and Economics in Symbiosis (1996) and Unless and Until: A Baha’i Focus on the Environment (1990). Maja Groff is an international lawyer based in The Hague, working on multilateral treaties, at international criminal tribunals and teaching at the Hague Academy of International Law. A graduate of Harvard, Oxford and McGill Universities, she has drafted international legal policy documents and published on private and public international law, human rights and global governance. Cover Reviews Half-title Title page Copyright information Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part I Background 1 The Challenges of the 21st Century Introduction Environmental Challenges Social Challenges Economic Challenges Security Challenges Inadequacy of Existing Mechanisms Efforts in the United Nations and in International Law The G7 and G20 Increasing International Cooperation A Need for Concrete Proposals The Urgency of Action Protecting National Autonomy Opposition to Deep Reforms and an Evolving International Landscape What is Ahead 2 A History of Global Governance Early Visions The League of Nations A Federal Union of Democratic States Winston Churchill's Proposal to France to Create an Anglo-French Union Early Thinking on the United Nations A Compromised United Nations A Broader Vision for the United Nations The Draft of a World Constitution and the Dublin Conference 3 European Integration: Building Supranational Institutions Mutual Recognition Border Controls A Historical Perspective Economic versus ''Political'' Union Implications for the Future Part II Reforming the Central Institutions of the United Nations 4 The General Assembly: Reforms to Strengthen Its Effectiveness Key Achievements and Weaknesses Moving to a System of Weighted Voting A Modified Schwartzberg Proposal An Updated Clark and Sohn Proposal Selection of Members 5 A World Parliamentary Assembly: A Catalyst for Change Setting up a World Parliamentary Assembly A Modified Heinrich/Schwartzberg WPA Distribution of WPA Membership 6 Advisory Mechanisms to Support Global Policymaking A Chamber of Civil Society Addressing Global Catastrophic Risks Enhancing UN Legislative Capacity to Consolidate Global Solidarity and Community 7 UN Executive Council: Beyond an Outdated Paradigm The Security Council at Present Past Proposals for Security Council Reform Successor Organ: UN Executive Council 8 Completing the Collective Security Mechanism of the Charter: Establishing an International Peace Force Early Attempts The UN Charter and the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes Development of the Concept of a Standing Force Peace Enforcement: Further Considerations The International Evolution of War and Violence: A Story of Diminishing Returns The Establishment of an International Peace Force Challenges in Implementation 9 Toward Systemic Disarmament: Resetting Global Priorities Introduction Background The UN Charter Provisions on Disarmament/Arms Control Recent Developments in Arms Control The Challenge Abolition of War Self-Defense Past Multilateral Disarmament Measures and Proposals Disarmament in Today's World: Toward Systemic Arms Control and Disarmament Proposals to Enable Modern Comprehensive Disarmament Technical and Financial Challenges Accompanying Measures The Current Cross-Roads and Overcoming Political Obstacles 10 Strengthening the International Rule of Law International Legal Institutions: A Job Half-Done From Kant to Habermas: In Search of a Broader Perspective The Thread of History: Early Efforts at Peace through Law Modern Peace Research United Nations Work on the International Rule of Law The Need for an International Cultural Shift An ''Utterly Unsatisfactory State of Affairs'': Suggestions for Institutional Enhancements Obligations under Chapter VI of the Charter of the United Nations The International Court of Justice The International Criminal Court Institute(s) for International Judicial Training Office of the United Nations Attorney General Conclusion 11 Human Rights for the Twenty-first Century Human Rights and Global Governance Cascading Effects: The Importance of Human Rights for One and All Cultivating a Global Civic Ethic and the Moral Case for Significant Human Rights Reform On the Universality of Human Rights The ''Unfinished Task'' Reform Proposals: Strengthening Existing Mechanisms Reform Proposals: International Human Rights Tribunal Ways Forward: A New Era for International Human Rights The Need for an International Bill of Rights 12 A New United Nations Funding Mechanism Early History Political Tensions from the One Country–One Vote Rule Budgetary Management Proposals for United Nations Funding A Fixed Proportion of GNI The Clark–Sohn Proposal The EU Model A Tobin-like Tax UN Budget Independence? Our Preferred Option for Now Part III Governance and the Management of Multiple Global Risks 13 UN Specialized Agencies and Governance for Global Risks Addressing Critical Risks UN Specialized Agencies UN Agencies, Programs and Conventions Creating the Basis for Reform The Sustainable Development Goals: An Integrated Approach 14 Economic Governance for Inequality and the Private Sector Inequality Inequality between Individuals Inequality between States Narrowing Income Inequality Policies Aimed at Helping Redress Income Inequality Transforming the Economy A UN Mandate for Inequality Global Management of the Private Sector The World Economy 15 Global Financial Architecture and the International Monetary Fund The IMF at the Center The 2008–2009 Financial Crisis and What It Said about the World's Financial System What about the International Monetary System? Surveillance Global Liquidity Governance 16 Responding to Global Environmental Crises An Environmental Organization Climate Change Climate-Induced Migration Other Impacts Energy Environment and the Biosphere Biosphere Integrity Chemicals Atmosphere Managing Natural Resources Recommendations 17 Population and Migration Population Growth Population Age Structure Carrying Capacity Population Displacement and Migration The Response Needed Part IV Cross-Cutting Issues 18 Corruption as a Destroyer of Prosperity and the Need for International Enforcement Defining Corruption Corruption Within the Development Process Poor Government and Corruption: Intimate Bedfellows? Nine Reasons Why Corruption Is a Destroyer of Prosperity Tackling Corruption General Strategies to Fight Corruption An International Anticorruption Court 19 Education for Transformation Building Public Support Central Messages Formal Education Informal Education Information Technologies and Social Media The Mass Media Responsibility in the UN Leadership Forming an International Civil Service Information as an Intervention Access to Knowledge Recommended Actions Part V Foundations for a New Global Governance System 20 Values and Principles for an Enhanced International System: Operationalizing Global ''Good Governance'' The UN Legacy: A Values-rich Landscape Ethical Foundations for Collective Action: Human Dignity and Capability Absolute Sovereignty in an Age of Global Challenges Contemporary Approaches to Good Governance Accountability Transparency Consultation Rule of Law Interactions among Good Governance Attributes Implications for the United Nations: Making Enhanced Global Governance Effective 21 Some Immediate Steps Forward—Getting ''From Here to There'' Scenarios of Possible Futures Maturing Capacities of Transnational Civil Society Some Immediate Steps Ahead A World Conference on Global Institutions A Coalition of the Willing and Like-minded Incremental Steps Towards Substantial Reform The World Parliamentary Assembly The European Union Stepwise Approach Part VI Conclusions 22 Bridging the Governance Gap The Roots of Present Failures Seeds of Success Foundations for Global Governance National Sovereignty Governance A World Transformed (and Divided) by New Technologies Shared Human Purpose and Potential Positive Forces for Global Governance Concluding Remarks Annex Voting Shares in a Reformed General Assembly References Index