Gender and Careers in the Legal Academy

Description

Over the past 15 years there has been a marked increase in the international scholarship relating to women in law. The lives and careers of women in legal practice and the judiciary have been extensively documented and critiqued, but the central conundrum remains: does the presence of women make a difference? The position of women in the legal academy has been largely overlooked in its literature, although it is central to the changing culture. To remedy that oversight, an international network of scholars embarked on a comparative study, resulting in this ground-breaking book. The contributors uncover fascinating accounts of the careers of academic pioneers as well as exploring broader theoretical issues relating to gender and culture. Each contribution is informed by the provocative question as to whether the presence of women makes a difference. Preface Table of Contents Biographies Introduction: Gender and Careers in the Legal Academy: Overview and Synthesis 1. A Comparative Approach 2. The History of Women in the Legal Academy 3. First and Early Women in the Legal Academy 4. Change in Legal Academia and the Status Quo 5. Women in the Legal Academy Today 6. Career Advancement 7. Career Impediments 8. Femininity and Masculinity in the Faculty Culture 9. Do Women in the Legal Academy Make a Difference? 10. Conclusion References Part I. Gender and Careers in the Legal Academy 1. Gender and Careers in the Legal Academy in Germany: Women's Difficult Path from Pioneers to a (Still Contested) Minority 1. The JurPro Project 2. Exclusion and Obstacles: The History of Women in the Legal Academy 3. Data 4. Legal Education in Germany 5. How to Become a Law Professor 6. Causes of Women's Underrepresentation 7. What Helps Women? References 2. Gender and the Legal Academy in the UK: A Product of Proxies and Hiring and Promotion Practices 1. Introduction 2. Study and Methods 3. Previous Studies on Women in the Legal Academy 4. Data on Gender and the Legal Academy in England and Wales 5. Identifying and Managing Excellence 6. Conclusions References 3. The Feminisation of Legal Academia in Quebec: Achievements and Challenges 1. Introduction 2. The Feminisation of Law Faculties 3. Women Law Professors in Quebec: Current Issues 4. Conclusion References 4. Women, Difference and Identities in the Brazilian Legal Professoriate 1. Introduction 2. Contrasts between Undergraduate and Graduate Law Programmes: Faculty and Student Profiles 3. Methodology and Socio-Demographic Profiles of our Interviewees 4. Fieldwork Observations 5. Final Considerations References 5. India's Women Legal Academics: Who They Are and Where You Might Find Them 1. Women in the Legal Academy 2. Locating the Legal Academic Outside the Law School 3. Conclusion References 6. Women in the Legal Academy at the Law School of the University of Buenos Aires 1. Introduction 2. Legal Education in Argentina and the UBA Law School 3. Women Teaching at the UBA Law School in 2015 4. Gender in the Curriculum 5. Practical Reforms and Future Research 6. Postscript References 7. Breaking the Veil of Masculinity? Women and the Legal Academy in Ghana 1. Introduction 2. Legal Education in Ghana 3. Background to the Pluralistic Legal System 4. Along Came the Women 5. Explaining the Low Numbers of Women 6. A Few More Women Now What? 7. Remaining Challenges 8. Conclusion References Part II. History of Women in Law Faculties 8. Why not Faster? Women in the Czech and Czechoslovak Legal Academy 1. Historical Development in the Czech and Czechoslovak Legal Academy Before 1945 2. Women in Legal Academia After 1945 3. The Current Situation 4. Significant Women Legal Scholars 5. Conclusion References 9. Gender and Law Teaching in Scotland 1. Introduction: Scottish Legal Education Before 1960 2. Women in the Scottish Legal Academy 1960–2019: The Years of Slow Change 3. Part-Time Degrees and the Practitioner Teacher Phase 4. Professionalising Scottish Legal Education 5. Increase in Female Law Students 6. Further Changes 7. Gender, Sexism and the Legal Academy References 10. Women's Entry and Integration into Israel's Legal Academia: History, Story, Non-Story and the Men(tor) 1. Introduction 2. Background 3. Women in Legal Academia in Israel 4. The History of Women in Israel's Legal Academia 5. In Their Own Voices: First Women in Israeli Legal Academia 6. Conclusion References 11. Women Legal Academics in China 1. Chinese Women's Entry into Legal Education 2. The First Women Law Professors in China 3. The Pioneers 4. Female Law Faculty in Current China 5. Why Female Law Faculty are Still Left Behind 6. Conclusion References 12. Women Law Teachers in the Philippines then, Now and Six Decades in between: The Cheerless Transformation of a Road Less Travelled1 to a Path Oft-Chosen for Convenience 1. Introduction 2. Brief Historical Background 3. The First Wave 4. The Second Wave 5. Understanding the Fork in the Road 6. Conclusion References Part III. First and Early Women Law Professors Madeleine Gevers-Dwelshauvers
(1897–1994). A Grande Dame at the Université Libre de Bruxelles 1. Introduction 2. Nineteenth-Century Belgium 3. The Université Libre de Bruxelles 4. Women and Secondary Education 5. The Revolutionary Avant-Garde 6. An 'Incident' and an 'Affaire' 7. Marie Mulle and Georges Dwelshauvers 8. Childhood 9. A Student After the Great War 10. The Start of a Career 11. Professor of Civil Law 12. Labour Law and Social Security 13. Between the Modern University and Poetry References 14. Compromise, Autonomy and Courage: Derkje Hazewinkel-Suringa, First Female Law Professor in the Netherlands (1889–1970) 1. Introduction 2. Women in the Dutch Academy, Law Faculties and Legal Professions 3. Biography of Derkje Hazewinkel-Suringa 4. Person: Compromise 5. Work: Autonomy 6. Politics: Courage 7. Influence References 15. Inkeri Anttila, the First Woman Law Professor in Finland (1916–2013) 1. Entry of Women into the Legal Academy in Finland 2. Legal Education in Finland 3. Inkeri Anttila's Early Years 4. Anttila's Scientific Career and Specialisation in Criminal Law 5. To Be and to Become a Professor in Finland 6. Inkeri Anttila's Further Academic Career 7. Women Law Professors in Nordic Countries 8. Experiences of Discrimination 9. Anttila as a Researcher, Supervisor and Mentor 10. Inkeri Anttila as a Reformist 11. Inkeri Anttila as a Feminist 12. Conclusion References 16. Women and the Legal Academy in Estonia: In Memory of Vera Poska-Grünthal, the First Woman Law Lecturer in Tartu 1. Legal and Social Background 2. Women in the Faculty of Law in Tartu 1919–1940 3. Career Prospects 4. Vera Poska-Grünthal (1898–1986): The First Woman Lecturer in the Faculty of Law 5. Soviet Occupation and the 1991 Independence References 17. Alice Erh-Soon Tay and the Character of Legal Knowledge 1. Introduction 2. Women in Australia's Legal Academy 3. Introducing Alice Erh-Soon Tay (1934–2004) 4. Tay's Contribution to Legal Knowledge 5. Conclusion References 18. Oral History and Australia's First Women Law Professors 1. Introduction 2. The Broader Project 3. Oral History 4. Short Biographies 5. The Context 6. The Journey 7. The Contributions 8. Conclusion References 19. The Way to Barbara Armstrong, First Tenure-Track Law Professor in an Accredited US Law School 1. The Problem of Firsts 2. A Thumbnail Sketch of the History of US Legal Education and its Professoriate 3. Who Was First? 4. Barbara Nachtrieb Armstrong 5. Epilogue: Women Law Professors in the US Today 6. Conclusion References 20. Why Aisha Rateb could not become Egypt's First Female Judge, and became Egypt's First Female Law Professor Instead 1. Introduction 2. University Education 3. Becoming Egypt's First Female Judge: A Failed Attempt 4. Becoming a Law Teacher: The Start of an Academic and Political Career 5. 1971–1977: Minister of Social Affairs and Insurance 6. The Aftermath of a Long Career 7. Analysis 8. Conclusion References 21. First Female Law Student and Law Professor in Kuwait: Badria Al-Awadhi Opens Doors for Women in Law 1967–2020 1. Introduction 2. Overview of Badria Al-Awadhi's Career 3. Law as a Pillar of Governance and Field of Study in Kuwait 4. Badria Al-Awadhi: Engagement in International Law 5. Gender and Law in Kuwait 6. Conclusion References Part IV. Personal Narratives 22. Memories: Becoming a Law Professor 1. Introduction(s) 2. Class, Gender and Political Activism 3. Cultural, Geographical and Political Cross-Threads 4. Law and Life: Getting to the Women Law Professors Project 5. Law and Life: Reflecting and Reaching Out 6. And Now References 23. 'Herculean Obstacles and Intrepid Complainants':1 The Sex Discrimination Complaint at Osgoode Hall Law School, 1987–1994 1. Gender, Human Rights and the Academy 2. Osgoode Hall Law School and the Academic Context in 1987 3. The Evolution of Gender Issues and the Appointment of a New Dean 4. The Human Rights Complaint: Processing Discrimination 5. Telling Feminist Stories About Gender, Human Rights and the Academy: Some Reflections 6. How Should We Understand the Significance of this Human Rights Complaint? References Part V. Feminism in the Legal Academy 24. The Road to Olive Stone 1. Early Life 2. Birkbeck College 3. Undergraduate Studies at LSE 4. Embarking Upon an Academic Career 5. PhD 6. Teaching, Research, Networks 7. Married Women's Property Rights 8. Influence 9. Retirement and Last Year 10. Influence After Death 11. What Was She Like? 12. Conclusion References 25. The First and Last(?) Feminist Law Professors in Australia 1. Introduction 2. Feminism Comes to the Legal Academy 3. Joining the Cognitariat 4. Teaching Feminist Legal Theory (FLT) 5. The Rocky Path to the Professoriate 6. Managing and Mentoring 7. Reflections on Life in the Legal Academy 8. The Future of Legal Feminism 9. Conclusion References 26. Feminist Legal Academics: Changing the Epistemology of American Law through Conflicts, Controversies and Comparisons 1. Introduction: Generations of Women Law Professors Making New Legal Memes1 2. The First Generation: Equality 3. The Second Generation: 'Difference' (or Cultural) Feminism? 4. Multicultural or Diversity Feminism 5. Post-Modern Feminism 6. Mainstreaming Feminist Legal Memes in Law and Legal Education 7. Conclusions: Where Do We Go From Here? (Post-Feminism)? References Cases and Statutes Part VI. Reflections on Masculinitiesand Femininities in the Legal Academy 27. Rethinking Masculinities in the Legal Academy: Men, Gender and Legal Careers (Or, Whatever Happened to the 'Nutty Professor'?) 1. Introduction 2. Setting the Scene: The 'Man Question' in the Legal Academy 3. Setting the Scene: Men, Gender and Careers in the Legal Academy 4. Multidimensional and Transnational Masculinities (and Beyond): Masculinities Scholarship and the Changing (Legal) Academy 5. Concluding Remarks: From Masculinities to Men? References 28. Patriarchal Discourses in the UK Legal Academy: The Case of the Reasonable Man 1. Introduction 2. Gender Relations: Transformation and Continuity 3. Patriarchal Culture, Legal Discourse and Legal Personhood 4. The Reasonable Man: The Debate 5. Conclusion References Index