Metal-Organic Framework Composites: Volume I

Description

Composites based on Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have exceptional physical and chemical properties and offer a great number of advanced applications in such fields as energy storage, energy conversion by catalysis, sensors for environmental applications, environment safety and industrial wastewater treatments. They also have interesting medical applications, such as encapsulation of enzymes. The present book covers design, synthesis and preparation of various MOFs, as well as the resulting product characteristics: homogenous morphology, small size dispersion, high thermal stability and desired surface area. Cover Metal-Organic Framework Composites : Volume I Copyright Table of Contents Preface 1. Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOFs) for Industrial Wastewater Treatment Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Background of MOFs 2. Structure and types of Metal-Organic-Frameworks 3. Fabrication/preparation of Metal-Organic-Frameworks 3.1 Conventional synthesis 3.2 Alternative synthesis 3.2.1 Microwave synthesis 3.2.2 Electrochemical synthesis 3.2.3 Mechanochemical synthesis 3.2.4 Sonochemical synthesis 4. Application of MOFs for wastewater treatment 4.1 Effect of MOFs on water pollutants Conclusion References 2. Metal-Organic Frameworks and their Composites for the Development of Electrochemical Sensors for Environmental Applications Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of MOFs and MOF composites 3. Sensors based on MOF for environmental applications 4. Electrochemical sensor based on MOF for environmental applications 4.1 Heavy metal ion detection 4.1.1 Detection of lead ion (Pb2+) 4.1.2 Detection of copper ion (Cu2+) 4.2 Sensing of inorganic ions 4.2.1 Detection of Nitrite ion (NO2-) 4.3 Sensing of organic compounds Conclusion References 3. Metal-Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Treatment Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Treatment of inorganic pollutants in wastewater by MOFs 2.1 Cations 2.2 Anions 3. Treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater by MOFs 3.1 Organic dyes 3.2 Drugs 3.3 Other harmful organisms Conclusions and perspectives References 4. Metal-Organic-Framework (MOFs) and Environmental Application Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Outline 1.2 Background on MOFs 2. Problems associated with wastewater treatment 2.1 Diverse categories of contaminants 2.1.1 Microbe-derived contaminants 2.1.2 Common water pollution index 2.1.3 Emerging pollutants 2.1.4 Toxicity and symptoms of WWT (Waste Water Treatment) poisoning 3. Treatment methods in WWT 3.1 Activated sludge treatment (AST) 3.2 Advanced wastewater treatment 3.3 Miscellaneous treatments 3.3.1 Activated carbon (AC) 3.3.2 Ion-exchange 4. MOF performance in diverse WWT applications 4.1 MOFs in adsorption applications for WWT 4.2 MOFs in separation applications for WWT 4.3 MOFs in sensing applications for WWT 4.4 MOFs in miscellaneous WWT applications 5. Perspectives on the use of MOFs in WWT Conclusion References 5. High Performance Polymer Fibre-Metal Matrix Composites of Metal-Organic Frameworks - Metallization, Processing, Properties and Applications Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Materials 2.1 Poly-benzobisoxazole (PBO) 2.2 Aluminium 3. Metallization of HPP 4. Electroless coating 5. Pre-treatment of PBO fibres 6. Copper coating of PBO fibres 7. TGA characterization 8. HVOF thermal spray coating 9. HVOF thermal spray high performance polymer reinforced MMCs Conclusions Limitations and further research Acknowledgement References 6. Condensation of WO42- Polyhedra Units on Layered Rare Earth Hydroxides Nanosheets: Hierarchical Channels and Heavy Metal Adsorption Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials and methods 2.2 Methods 2.3 Characterization of the Sorbent materials 2.4 Adsorption experiment 2.5 Kinetic studies 3. Results and discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References 7. Designing Metal-Organic Frameworks for Clean Energy Applications Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. MOFs for clean energy applications 2.1 MOFs for fuel cells 2.2 MOFs for solar cell 2.3 MOFs for lithium-ion batteries Conclusion and future perspective References 8. Metal-Organic Frameworks for Water Adsorption Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Water adsorption isotherm of MOFs 3. Water adsorption mechanisms 4. Water harvesting processes 5. Criteria for MOFs 6. Factors affecting adsorption of MOFs Conclusions and outlooks References 9. Flexibility in Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Fundamental Understanding Abstract Contents 1. Introduction about MOFs and its syructure 2. Origin of MOFs flexibility 2.1. Flexibility of functionalized linkers 2.1.1 Carboxylate linkers 2.2. Flexibility of the metal nodes 3. General aspects of framework flexibility 3.1 Breathing, swelling and linker rotation 3.2 Thermoresponsivity 3.3 Mechanical properties, elasticity 3.4 Photoresponsive 4. How to control MOFs flexibility 4.1 Metal ion Solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI) 4.2 Ligand (functional group) 4.2.1 Secondary building block unit (SBU) 4.2.2 Linker substitution 4.2.3 Introduction of bulky side chains at the flexible edge of the MOF 4.2.4 Linker rotation 4.3 Post-synthetic modification (crystal size) 5. Characterization of Flexibility in MOFs 6. Applications Conclusion Abbreviation References 10. Metal-Organic Frameworks as Host for Encapsulation of Enzymes Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Encapsulation of enzymes in MOFs 2.1 In situ enzyme encapsulation within the MOFs 2.2 Post-synthetic enzyme encapsulation within the MOFs 2.2.1 Pore encapsulation 3. Advantages of enzyme encapsulation 3.1 Recyclability 3.2 Catalytic activity 3.3 Stability 4. Summary and outlook Abbreviations References 11. MOF-Derived Nanocarbons: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. General methods for preparation of MOF-derived nanocarbons 3. Structural peculiarities 4. Influence of pyrolysis conditions and initial MOF structure on the final structure of nanocarbons 5. Bimetallic MOF-derived carbons 6. Role of N-doping 7. Main applications of MOF-derived nanocarbons Conclusions and further outlook References 12. Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Composites Abstract Contents 1. Introduction 2. Application of POM-based MOF in electrocatalysts 3. Application of POM-based MOF in photocatalysis 4. Application of POM-based MOF in oxidative desulfurization 5. Application of POM-based MOF in lithium storage 6. Application of POM-based MOF in adsorption Concluding Remarks Reference Keyword Index About the Editors