Optimal Guidance and Its Applications in Missiles and UAVs (Springer Aerospace Technology)

Description

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the domain of optimal guidance, exploring the characteristics of various optimal guidance algorithms and their pros and cons. Optimal guidance is based on the concept of trajectory optimization, which minimizes the meaningful performance index while satisfying certain terminal constraints, and by properly designing the cost function the guidance command can serve as a desired pattern for a variety of mission objectives. The book allows readers to gain a deeper understanding of how optimal guidance law can be utilized to achieve different mission objectives for missiles and UAVs, and also explores the physical meaning and working principle of different new optimal guidance laws. In practice, this information is important in ensuring confidence in the performance and reliability of the guidance law when implementing it in a real-world system, especially in aerospace engineering where reliability is the first priority. Preface Contents Acronyms 1 Introduction of Optimal Guidance 1.1 Background and Motivation 1.2 Optimal Guidance Problem 1.3 Aim and Organization References Part I Optimal Guidance in Missile Applications 2 Optimal Error Dynamics in Missile Guidance 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Preliminaries and Motivations 2.2.1 Missile-Target Relative Kinematics 2.2.2 Motivations 2.2.3 Preliminaries 2.3 Optimal Error Dynamics 2.3.1 Derivation of the Proposed Optimal Error Dynamics 2.3.2 Discussion of the Proposed Optimal Error Dynamics 2.3.3 Potential Significance of the Proposed Optimal Error Dynamics 2.3.4 General Approach for Guidance Law Design 2.4 Illustrative Examples 2.4.1 Homing Guidance 2.4.2 Impact Time Control 2.4.3 Impact Angle Control 2.4.4 Impact Angle and Impact Time Control 2.5 Simulation Results 2.5.1 Homing Guidance 2.5.2 Alleviating Transition Effect 2.5.3 Shaping Aerodynamic Maneuverability 2.5.4 Impact Time Control 2.5.5 Impact Angle Control 2.5.6 Impact Time and Angle Control 2.6 Summary References 3 Optimal Trajectory Shaping Guidance Law with Seeker's Field-of-View Constraint 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Trajectory Shaping for Impact Time Control with Seeker's FOV Constraint 3.2.1 Problem Formulation 3.2.2 Impact Time Guidance Law Design 3.3 Analysis of Proposed Guidance Law 3.3.1 Optimality and Convergence of Impact Time Error 3.3.2 Velocity Lead Angle Analysis 3.3.3 Guidance Command Analysis 3.3.4 Selection of φ(x) 3.4 Numerical Simulations 3.4.1 Performance with Different Impact Times 3.4.2 Performance with Different Velocity Lead Angle Constraints 3.4.3 Comparison with Other Guidance Laws 3.5 Trajectory Shaping for Impact Angle Control with Seeker's FOV Constraint 3.5.1 Problem Formulation 3.5.2 Impact Angle Guidance Law Design 3.6 Analysis of Proposed Guidance Law 3.7 Numerical Simulations 3.7.1 Performance with Different Impact Angles 3.7.2 Performance with Different Velocity Lead Angle Constraints 3.7.3 Comparison with Other Guidance Laws 3.8 Summary References 4 Linear Observability-Enhancement Optimal Guidance Law 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Observability Under Proportional Navigation Guidance 4.2.1 Geometric Metric for Observability Analysis 4.2.2 Target Observability Under Proportional Navigation Guidance 4.3 Optimal Guidance Law for Target Observability Enhancement 4.3.1 Problem Formulation 4.3.2 Optimal Guidance Law Design 4.4 Analysis of Proposed Optimal Guidance Law 4.4.1 Behavior of Navigation Gain 4.4.2 Closed-Form Solution of Proposed Guidance Law 4.4.3 Behavior of Velocity Lead Angle 4.5 Simulation Results 4.5.1 Characteristics of the Proposed Guidance Law 4.5.2 Comparison with Other Guidance Laws 4.5.3 Filter-Embedded Closed-Loop Simulation 4.6 Summary References 5 Optimal Proportional-Integral Guidance Law 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Problem Formulation 5.2.1 Preliminary 5.3 Derivation of the Proposed Optimal Guidance Law 5.4 Analysis of Proposed Optimal Guidance Law 5.4.1 Behavior of the ZEM Dynamics 5.4.2 Closed-Form Solution of the Proposed Guidance Law 5.4.3 Sensitivity to Unknown Target Acceleration 5.5 Simulation Results 5.5.1 Characteristics of the Proposed Guidance Law 5.5.2 Reduced Sensitivity to Unknown Target Maneuvers 5.5.3 Comparison with Previous PI Guidance Laws 5.6 Summary References 6 Gravity-Turn-Assisted Optimal Guidance Law 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Problem Formulation 6.3 Collision Triangle Derivation 6.4 Optimal Guidance Law Design and Analysis 6.4.1 Instantaneous Zero-Effort-Miss 6.4.2 Optimal Guidance Law Design 6.4.3 Relationships with Previous Guidance Laws 6.5 Simulation Results 6.5.1 Characteristics of the Proposed Guidance Law 6.5.2 Comparison with Other Guidance Laws 6.6 Summary Appendix References 7 Gravity-Turn-Assisted Optimal Intercept Angle Guidance Law 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Problem Formulation 7.3 Derivation of the Optimal Intercept Angle Guidance Law 7.4 Analysis of the Proposed Guidance Law 7.4.1 Convergence of Instantaneous ZEM and Intercept Angle Error 7.4.2 Behavior of Navigation Gain 7.4.3 Relationship Between the Proposed Guidance Law and Previous Guidance Laws 7.5 Simulation Results 7.5.1 Characteristics of the Proposed Guidance Law 7.5.2 Comparison with Other Guidance Laws 7.6 Summary References Part II Optimal Guidance in UAV Applications 8 Minimum-Effort Waypoint-Following Guidance Law 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Backgrounds and Preliminaries 8.2.1 Nonlinear Kinematics 8.2.2 Passing Time 8.2.3 Linearized Kinematics 8.2.4 Problem Formulation 8.3 Optimal Guidance for Waypoint-Following 8.3.1 Guidance Law Derivation 8.3.2 Particular Cases 8.4 Optimal Guidance for Waypoint-Following with Partial Flight ... 8.4.1 Guidance Law Derivation 8.4.2 Particular Case: M=N 8.5 Numerical Simulations 8.5.1 Performance of Guidance Law (8.25) 8.5.2 Performance of Guidance Law (8.69) 8.6 Summary References 9 Energy-Optimal Waypoint-Following Guidance Law Considering Autopilot Dynamics 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Problem Formulation 9.3 Guidance Law Derivation 9.3.1 Order Reduction 9.3.2 General Guidance Law Solution 9.3.3 Guidance Law Implementation 9.4 Some Particular Cases 9.4.1 Ideal Autopilot Dynamics 9.4.2 First-Order Autopilot Dynamics 9.5 Relationship with Point-to-Point Optimal Guidance Laws 9.5.1 N=1, M=0 9.5.2 N=2, M=0 9.5.3 N=1, M=1 9.6 Numerical Simulations 9.6.1 Comparison with Other Waypoint Guidance Laws 9.6.2 Effect of Autopilot Dynamics Compensation 9.7 Summary References 10 Optimal Integrated Waypoint Following and Obstacle Avoidance Guidance Law 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Problem Formulation 10.3 Guidance Law Derivation 10.3.1 Order Reduction 10.3.2 General Guidance Law Solution 10.3.3 Guidance Law Implementation 10.4 Some Particular Cases 10.4.1 Ideal Autopilot Dynamics 10.4.2 First-Order Autopilot Dynamics 10.5 Numerical Simulations 10.6 Summary References