The Pearson Guide to Organic Chemistry for the IIT JEE

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Cover Contents Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry-1 (Nomenclature and Isomerism) Introduction Vital Force Theory or Berzelius Hypothesis Fall of Vital Force Theory or Wohler’S Synthesis Modern Definition of Organic Chemistry Large Number of Organic Compounds Classification of Organic Compounds Acyclic or Open Chain or Aliphatic Compounds Homologous Series Characteristics of Homologous Series Rules for Numbering of C-Atoms of the Chain Functional Group Preference Table Isomerism Type of Isomerism Structural or Constitutional Isomerism Stereo Isomerism or Space Isomerism Optical Isomerism Optical Isomers Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanations Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 2: General Organic Chemistry-2 (Concepts of Organic Chemistry) Hybridization Facts about Hybridization Types of Hybridization Sigma and PI Bonds Sigma (Σ) Bond Pie (Π) Bond Hydrogen Bonding Bond Fission Nucleophile or Nucleophilic Reagents Reaction Intermediates Free Radicals Formation Carbene Types of Carbene Formation of Carbenes Reactions of Carbene Benzyne (1,2 DI Dehydro Benzene) Electron Displacement Effects Inductive Effect Some Orders Ortho Effect Basicity of Nitrogen Containing Compounds Reaction Mechanism (1) Substitution or Displacement Reaction (2) Addition Reactions (3) Elimination Reaction Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanations Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 3: Hydrocarbons Alkanes Methods of Preparation Chemical Properties Alkenes or Olefins Methods of Preparation of Alkene Physical Properties Chemical Properties of Alkenes Alkynes Methods of Preparation Chemical Properties Benzene Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Toluene or Methyl Benzene Methods of Preparation Chemical Properties Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanation Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 4: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens (Haloalkanes and Haloarenes) Halo Alkanes Chloro Benzene Due to Chlorine (Nucleophilic Substitution) Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanations Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 5: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen-1 (Alcohols, Phenol and Ether) Alcohols General Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Phenol or Hydroxy Compounds Phenol or Hydroxy Benzene or Carbolic Acid Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Physical Properties Chemical Reactions Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanations Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 6: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen-2 (Aldehyde, Ketones) Carbonyl Compounds (Aldehyde and Ketone) General Methods of Preparation for Both R – CHO and R – CO – R Physical Properties Chemical Properties Reactions Shown by Aldehydes Only Reactions Shown by Ketones Only Benzaldehyde Physical Properties Chemical Properties Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanations Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 7: Acids and Acid Derivatives Isomerism Shown by Acids Some Valuable Facts General Methods of Preparation From Grignard Reagent and Carbon Dioxide From the Hydrolysis of Haloforms By the Oxidation of Carbonyl Compounds From Dicarboxylic Acid or Esters From R – ONa with CO From Higher Alkanes Physical Properties Chemical Properties Reactions Due to – COOH Group Benzoic Acid Methods of Preparation Chemical Properties Acid Derivatives Acid Halides Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Acid Anhydride Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Amides Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Esters Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanation Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry Based on Functional Group-III (Nitrogen Containing Compounds) Amines Introduction and Nomenclature Methods of Preparation for All Types of Amine Methods for Primary Amines Only Methods for Secondary Amines Methods for Tertiary Amines Physical Properties Chemical Properties Aniline or Amino Benzene Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Benzene Diazonium Chloride Synthetic Applications Alkyl Nitrites and Nitro Alkanes Alkyl Nitrite (R – O – N = O) Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Nitro Alkanes Method of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Nitro Benzene Methods of Preparation Physical Properties Chemical Properties Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanations Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 9: Polymers and Biomolecules Introduction Classification of Polymers Classification Based on Synthesis Chain Growth Polymerization Condensation or Step Growth Polymers Classification Based on Structure Classification Based on Molecular Forces Some Commercially Important Polymers and their Uses (a) Addition Polymers Condensation Polymers Some More Polymers Enhance Your Knowledge Biomolecules Carbohydrates Their Main Functions are Classification of Carbohydrates Amino Acids Proteins Structure of Proteins Detection of Protein Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acid Structure of RNA and DNA Enhance Your Knowledge Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanations Subjective Solved Examples Chapter 10: Practical Organic Chemistry Detection of Elements (Qualitative Analysis) Detection of Carbon and Hydrogen Lassaigne’s Test Detection and Identification of Functional Groups (1) Detection and Identification of –OH Group (2) Detection and Identification of Phenols (3) Detection and Identification of Aldehydic (–CHO) and Ketonic (–COR) Groups Differentiation Tests Between Aldehydes and Ketones Test Given by Ketones Only (4) Detection and Identification –COOH Group Confirmatory Tests for Carboxylic Acids Test for Amines (-NH2) Estimation of Elements or Quantitative Analysis Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen Empirical and Molecular Formulas Modern Methods of Structure Elucidation Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Hints and Explanation Subjective Solved Examples