Fundamentals of the Physical Therapy Examination: Patient Interview and Tests & Measures

Description

Fundamentals of the Physical Therapy Examination: Patient Interview and Tests & Measures, Second Edition provides physical therapy students and clinicians with the necessary tools to determine what questions to ask and what tests and measures to perform during a patient exam. This text utilizes a fundamental, step-by-step approach to the subjective and objective portions of the examination process for a broad spectrum of patients. This edition has been updated and revised to reflect the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice 3.0, and it also features new and extensive coverage of goniometry and manual muscle testing techniques with more than 300 new photographs. Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 20 New to This Edition......Page 22 Acknowledgments......Page 24 About the Author......Page 26 Reviewers......Page 28 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Physical Therapy Examination......Page 30 What is the Physical Therapy Examination?......Page 31 The Aim of this Text......Page 32 Part II. Tests and Measures: Building on the Foundation......Page 33 Use of Case Examples to Enhance Learning......Page 34 Suggestions to Hone Your Examination Skills......Page 35 References......Page 36 PART I: The Patient Interview: Laying a Solid Foundation......Page 38 CHAPTER 2 Cultivating a Therapeutic Partnership......Page 40 Communication is the Key......Page 41 The Receptive Component: The Importance of Listening......Page 42 Preparing the Environment......Page 43 Preparing Your Physical Self......Page 44 Preparing Your Mental and Emotional Self......Page 45 Finding Your Inner Chameleon......Page 46 When the Need for Empathy Trumps the Clinician’s Agenda......Page 47 The Art of Digging Deep......Page 48 BioPsychoSocial Aspects: Why No Two Patients Are Alike......Page 49 Culture......Page 50 Length of the Initial Interview......Page 52 Purposes of The Initial Patient Interview......Page 53 Chapter Summary......Page 55 References......Page 56 CHAPTER 3 Interviewing Techniques and Communication Tools......Page 60 Types of Questions......Page 61 Reflective Feeling......Page 63 Summarizing......Page 64 Motivational Interviewing Concepts......Page 65 Communicating Well While Documenting......Page 67 References......Page 68 CHAPTER 4 Conduct and Content of the Patient Interview......Page 70 Introduction......Page 71 Flow Chart of the Interview Process......Page 72 Patient Observation......Page 73 Greeting the Patient......Page 74 Interview Themes and Categories......Page 76 Current Condition or Chief Complaint......Page 79 Medications......Page 85 Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests......Page 86 Past Medical and Past Surgical History......Page 87 Family Medical History......Page 88 Physical Environment and Available Resources......Page 89 Recreation and Social Activities......Page 90 Current and Previous Activity and Participation......Page 91 General Health Status; Health and Social Habits......Page 92 Verbal Review of Systems......Page 94 The Interview Summary......Page 96 Documenting the Patient Interview......Page 97 Chapter Summary......Page 99 References......Page 100 PART II: Tests and Measures: Building on the Foundation......Page 104 CHAPTER 5 Introduction to Physical Therapy Tests and Measures......Page 106 Introduction......Page 107 What Tests and Measures are Available?......Page 108 Choosing the Appropriate Tests and Measures......Page 111 Content and Organization of the Remaining Chapters......Page 113 References......Page 114 CHAPTER 6 Global Observation, Mental Functions, and Components of Mobility and Function......Page 116 Introduction......Page 117 Fundamental Concepts......Page 119 Priority or Pointless?......Page 120 Case Example......Page 121 Fundamental Concepts......Page 122 Procedure......Page 123 Priority or Pointless?......Page 124 Case Example......Page 125 Procedure......Page 126 Priority or Pointless?......Page 130 Case Example......Page 131 Fundamental Concepts......Page 132 Procedure......Page 134 Priority or Pointless?......Page 136 Case Example......Page 137 Fundamental Concepts......Page 138 Informal Postural Assessment......Page 142 Formal Postural Assessment......Page 143 Case Example......Page 147 Fundamental Concepts......Page 148 Procedure......Page 149 Priority or Pointless?......Page 150 Case Example......Page 151 Gait Cycle Terminology......Page 152 Descriptions of Common Pathological Gait Patterns......Page 154 Procedure......Page 157 Priority or Pointless?......Page 159 Case Example......Page 160 Fundamental Concepts......Page 161 Procedure......Page 164 Priority or Pointless?......Page 165 Case Example......Page 166 Chapter Summary......Page 167 References......Page 169 CHAPTER 7 Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Examination......Page 174 Introduction......Page 175 Fundamental Concepts......Page 177 Pulse Points......Page 178 Fundamental Concepts......Page 179 Assessment of Respiration......Page 180 Fundamental Concepts......Page 181 Assessment of Blood Pressure......Page 183 Case Example......Page 185 Procedure......Page 186 Case Example......Page 187 Fundamental Concepts......Page 188 Assessment of Pitting Edema......Page 189 Measurement of Edema......Page 190 Case Example......Page 191 Fundamental Concepts......Page 192 Procedure......Page 193 Case Example......Page 194 Procedure......Page 195 Priority or Pointless?......Page 196 Case Example......Page 197 Six-Minute Walk Test......Page 198 Chapter Summary......Page 199 References......Page 200 CHAPTER 8 Integumentary Examination......Page 204 Introduction......Page 205 Fundamental Concepts......Page 207 Color......Page 208 Malignancies of the Skin......Page 209 Screening Inspection of the Hair and Nails......Page 210 Nails......Page 211 Signs of Inflammation and Infection......Page 213 Case Example......Page 214 Identification of Areas at Risk......Page 215 Classification of Pressure Ulcers......Page 217 Case Example......Page 219 Venous Insufficiency......Page 220 Procedures to Identify Vascular Insufficiency......Page 221 Assessment of Peripheral Pulses......Page 223 Priority or Pointless?......Page 224 Case Example......Page 225 Diabetic Neuropathy......Page 226 Observation and Palpation......Page 227 Peripheral Vascular Examination......Page 228 Describing and Classifying Diabetic Wounds......Page 229 Priority or Pointless?......Page 230 Case Example......Page 231 Surgical Wounds......Page 232 Burns......Page 233 Case Example......Page 235 Chapter Summary......Page 236 References......Page 237 CHAPTER 9 Musculoskeletal Examination......Page 242 INTRODUCTION......Page 243 Active Range of Motion......Page 244 Limited Active Range of Motion......Page 245 Passive Range of Motion......Page 246 Joint End Feel......Page 247 Documenting Estimated ROM......Page 248 Procedure......Page 249 Performing Passive ROM Screen......Page 260 Case Example......Page 262 Goniometric Devices......Page 264 Goniometric Techniques......Page 265 Procedure......Page 267 Case Example......Page 292 Fundamental Concepts......Page 294 Procedure......Page 295 Priority or Pointless?......Page 305 Case Example......Page 306 Fundamental Concepts......Page 307 Procedure......Page 308 Priority or Pointless?......Page 318 Case Example......Page 319 Introduction......Page 320 Fundamental Concepts......Page 321 Procedure......Page 322 Grading Manual Muscle Testing......Page 323 Priority or Pointless?......Page 365 Case Example......Page 366 Fundamental Concepts......Page 368 Procedure......Page 369 Case Example......Page 371 Chapter Summary......Page 372 References......Page 375 CHAPTER 10 Neuromuscular Examination......Page 378 Introduction......Page 379 Fundamental Concepts......Page 380 Protective Sensation......Page 383 Pain (Sharp/Dull Test)......Page 385 Temperature......Page 386 Position Sense......Page 387 Discriminative Sensation......Page 388 Priority or Pointless?......Page 390 Case Example......Page 391 Dermatomes......Page 392 Dermatomes......Page 393 Myotomes......Page 394 Case Example......Page 399 Hypotonic DTRs......Page 400 Procedure......Page 401 Priority or Pointless?......Page 404 Case Example......Page 405 Procedure......Page 406 Lower Extremity Tests......Page 407 Priority or Pointless?......Page 409 Case Example......Page 410 Sensory System......Page 411 Motor Output......Page 412 Seated Balance......Page 413 Static Standing Balance Tests......Page 414 Anticipatory Balance Tests......Page 415 Dynamic Balance Tests......Page 416 Priority or Pointless?......Page 418 Case Example......Page 419 Fundamental Concepts......Page 420 Procedure......Page 421 Case Example......Page 425 Muscle Tone......Page 426 Deep Tendon Reflexes......Page 428 Pronator Drift......Page 429 Pathological Superficial Reflexes......Page 430 Priority or Pointless?......Page 432 Case Example......Page 433 Chapter Summary......Page 434 References......Page 436 APPENDIX A......Page 440 APPENDIX B......Page 448 A......Page 452 C......Page 453 D......Page 455 F......Page 456 G......Page 457 I......Page 458 M......Page 459 P......Page 460 R......Page 462 S......Page 463 U......Page 464 Z......Page 465