David in Luke-Acts: His Portrayal in the Light of Early Judaism

Description

Yuzuru Miura undertakes a scholarly analysis of all references to David in Luke-Acts, which has not been done so far. Previous studies of David have dealt with parts of the references to David in Luke-Acts, focusing on the subject of Davidic messianism, but it was only the Davidic genealogical character. However, Davidic messianism has another aspect - the typological character. In order to analyze all references to David in Luke-Acts, the Davidic typological character in Davidic messianism has to be considered. Thus, in the first part of this book, the author seeks to grasp the first-century Jewish perceptions of the picture of David, such as David in the LXX, the OT Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, the Qumran Manuscripts, the writings of Philo and Josephus, and early rabbinic thought. Then, in the second part, he analyzes all references to David in Luke-Acts in light of the first-century Jewish perceptions of David. Such a perspective - considering both the genealogical and typological characters of Davidic messianism - uncovers the overall function of Luke's efficient and well-organized use of the figure of David in his narrative to legitimize Jesus as the Davidic Messiah. Furthermore, such a perspective throws fresh light on various Lukan theological issues. Cover Titel Preface Table of Contents Abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction 1. Purpose of the Present Study 1.1 Previous Studies of David in the Lukan Corpus 1.2 A New Perspective in the Studies of David in the Lukan Corpus 2. Plan and Method of the Present Study 2.1 The Portraits of David in the OT and Early Judaism 2.2 The Portrait of David in Luke-Acts Part I The Portraits of David in the OT and Early Judaism Chapter 2: David in the OT 1. David in the Historical Writings 1.1 David in 1–2 Samuel 1.1.1 The Textual Problem of Samuel in the LXX 1.1.2 The Role of Three Songs 1.1.3 Four Davidic Themes in the Three Songs 1.1.4 The Tension between the Positive and Negative David 1.2 David in 1 Chronicles 1.2.1 The Accounts which are Only Seen in Samuel (the Chronicler’s Omissions) 1.2.2 The Accounts which are Not Seen in Samuel (the Chronicler’s Additions) 1.2.3 The Accounts which are Shared with Samuel (the Chronicler’s Adoptions) 1.2.3.1 David as the Political Identity of Israel 1.2.3.2 David as the Religious Identity of Israel 1.3 David in 1–2 Kings, 2 Chronicles, and Ezra-Nehemiah 1.3.1 1–2 Kings and 2 Chronicles 1.3.2 2 Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah 1.4 Summary 2. David in the Prophets 2.1 David in Pre-Exilic Prophecies 2.2 David in Prophecies of Exile and Restoration 2.3 The Typological Character of Davidic Messianism 2.4 Summary 3. David in the Psalms 3.1 David in the Body of the Psalms 3.1.1 The Role of Explicit References to David 3.1.2 The Reflection of David’s Καρδία 3.2 David in the Titles of the Psalms 3.2.1 The Historical Titles Common to Both the Hebrew and Greek Psalters 3.2.2 The Historical Titles Only in the Greek Psalter 3.2.3 The Function of the Titles in the Greek Psalter 3.3 Summary 4. Conclusion Chapter 3: David in the OT Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 1. David in Writings in the Second Century BCE 1.1 David in Sirach 1.1.1 God’s Election of David 1.1.2 David as Warrior 1.1.3 The Virtues of David 1.1.4 David as Cult Founder 1.1.5 David’s Sins 1.1.6 The Davidic Covenant 1.2 David in Eupolemus 1.3 David in 1 Maccabees 1.3.1 “The City of David” 1.3.2 The Virtues of David 1.4 David in 1 Esdras 1.5 David in 2 Maccabees 1.6 Summary 2. David in Writings in the First Centuries BCE and CE 2.1 David in Psalms of Solomon 2.1.1 The Historical Background of PssSol 17 2.1.2 Davidic Messianism in PssSol 17 2.2 David in Apocalypse of Zephaniah 2.3 David in 4 Maccabees 2.4 David in the Lives of the Prophets 2.5 David in Pseudo-Philo’s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum 2.5.1 Samuel’s Four Themes of the Ideal David 2.5.1.1 God’s Election of David 2.5.1.2 David’s Trust in God and God’s Protection of David 2.5.1.3 David as Warrior 2.5.1.4 David’s Righteous Character 2.5.2 David’s New Status with his Anointing 2.5.3 David as Exorcist 2.6 David in 4 Ezra 2.7 Summary 3. Conclusion Chapter 4: David in the Qumran Manuscripts 1. The Historical Events of David 1.1 David’s Birth 1.2 David’s Anointing by Samuel 1.3 The Goliath Incident 1.4 David’s Foundation for the Holy City and Preparation for the Temple Building 1.5 David’s Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 1.6 God’s Covenant with David 1.7 David’s Marriage and the Bathsheba Affair 1.8 Summary 2. The Virtues of David 3. David as Psalmist 4. David as Prophet 4.1 The Literary Background of 11QPsa 27 4.2 David as Prophet: Comparisons between 11QPsa 27 and LAB 59:4–5 4.3 Summary 5. The Davidic Messiah 5.1 The Davidic Messiah and his Task 5.2 Davidic Messianism in the Qumran MSS 5.3 Summary 6. Conclusion Chapter 5: David in the Writings of Philo and Josephus 1. David in the Writings of Philo 1.1 David as Psalmist 1.2 David as Prophet 1.3 Summary 2. David in Josephus’ Jewish Antiquities 2.1 The Virtues of David 2.2 The Portrait of Saul 2.3 David as Psalmist 2.4 David’s Sin 2.5 David as Prophet 2.6 The Davidic Covenant 2.7 Summary 3. Conclusion Chapter 6: David in Early Rabbinic Thought 1. David in the Targums 1.1 David in Tg Jonathan to the Former Prophets 1.1.1 Three Songs: ‘Hermeneutical Bracket’ in Tg Samuel? 1.1.2 Tg 2 Sam 22:1–51 1.1.3 Tg 2 Sam 23:1–8 1.1.4 The Characteristics of David’s Prophetic Songs in Tg Samuel 1.2 David in Tg Jonathan to the Latter Prophets 1.3 Summary 2. David in Early Rabbinic Literature 2.1 The References to David in Early Rabbinic Literature 2.2 Several Davidic Themes 2.2.1 David’s Sins 2.2.2 The Virtues of David 2.2.3 David as Psalmist 2.2.4 David as Religious Authority 2.2.5 David’s Prophetic Character 2.2.6 The Davidic Covenant 2.3 Summary 3. Conclusion Chapter 7: Synthesis of the Portraits of David in the OT and Early Judaism 1. David as Ideal King 1.1 David as Chosen King 1.2 David as Pious King 1.3 David as Warrior King 1.4 David as Righteous King 1.5 Summary 2. David as Religious Authority 3. David and Moses in Parallel 4. David and Solomon in Parallel 5. David as a Sinner 6. David as Psalmist 6.1 The Place of the Psalms in David’s Life 6.2 Davidic Authorship in the Canonization Process of the Psalms 6.3 The Application of the Psalms to the Individual and the Community 6.4 Summary 7. David as a Model for the Jews 8. David as Prophet 8.1 The Concept of David as Prophet Implicitly Presented 8.2 The Concept of David as Prophet Explicitly Presented 8.3 Questions regarding the Concept of David as Prophet 8.3.1 When did the Concept of David as Prophet First Explicitly Appear? 8.3.2 Why was the Concept of David as Prophet Necessary BCE and in the First Century CE? 8.3.3 How was the Concept of David as Prophet Developed in the Communities in the First Century CE Onward? 8.4 Summary 9. David as an Indicator of the Messiah 9.1 Writings in which Davidic Messianism is Not Attested 9.2 Writings in which Davidic Messianism – the Davidic Messiah – is Attested 9.2.1 The Genealogical Character of Davidic Messianism 9.2.2 The Typological Character of Davidic Messianism 9.3 Writings in which Davidic Messianism – David Redivivus – is Attested 9.4 Summary 10. Conclusion Part II The Portrait of David in Luke-Acts Chapter 8: David in Acts 1. David in Acts 2 1.1 Ps 15 in Acts 2:25–32 1.1.1 David in Ps 15 1.1.2 Peter’s Use of Ps 15:8–11 1.2 Ps 109 in Acts 2:33–35 1.2.1 David in Ps 109 1.2.2 Peter’s Use of Ps 109:1 1.3 Pss 15 and 109 as ‘Typological-Prophetic’ 1.4 David-Jesus Typology 1.5 Summary 2. David in Acts 1 2.1 David in Pss 68 and 108 2.2 Peter’s Use of Pss 68:26 and 108:8 2.3 David-Jesus Typology 2.4 Summary 3. David in Acts 4 3.1 David in Ps 2 3.2 The Disciples’ Use of Ps 2:1–2 3.3 David-Jesus Typology 3.4 Summary 4. David in Acts 7 4.1 Stephen’s Presentation of David in Acts 7:46 4.2 Summary 5. David in Acts 13 5.1 Paul’s Presentation of David in Acts 13:22 5.1.1 The Image of David 5.1.2 The Effect of Paul’s Presentation of David on the Speech 5.2 Isa 55 and Ps 15 in Acts 13:34–37 5.2.1 The Content of Isa 55:3 in the LXX 5.2.2 Paul’s Use of Isa 55:3 and Ps 15:10 5.3 David-Jesus Typology 5.4 Summary 6. David in Acts 15 6.1 The Content of Amos 9:11–12 in the MT and LXX 6.2 James’ Use of Amos 9:11–12 6.3 Summary 7. Conclusion 7.1 David as Ideal King 7.2 David and Moses in Parallel 7.3 David and Solomon in Parallel 7.4 David as Psalmist 7.5 David as Prophet 7.6 David as an Indicator of the Messiah 7.6.1 David’s Whole Life as a Type of Jesus’ Whole Life 7.6.2 David’s Righteous Suffering as a Type of Jesus’ righteous Suffering 7.6.3 Concluding Remark of the Typological Character of Davidic Messianism in Acts Chapter 9: David in Luke’s Gospel 1. David in Lk 1–2 1.1 The Genealogical Chracter of Davidic Messianism in Lk 1–2 1.1.1 Luke’s Attribution of “the Son of God” and “Lord” to Jesus as the Davidic Messiah 1.1.2 Luke’s Identification of “the City of David” with Bethlehem 1.2 The Typological Chracter of Davidic Messianism in Lk 1–2 1.2.1 The Ideal Picture of the Davidic Messiah in Mary’s and Zechariah’s Songs 1.2.2 Jesus as the Ideal Davidic Messiah in Lk 1–2 1.3 Summary 2. David in Lk 3 2.1 From the Continuing Perspective from Lk 1–2: The Genealogical Character of Jesus as the Davidic Messiah 2.2 From the Typological Perspective of Seeing Jesus’ Anointing with David’s Anointing 2.3 Summary 3. David in Lk 6 3.1 Jesus’ Self-identification with David 3.2 Jesus’ Identification of his Community with David’s Community 3.3 Summary 4. David in Lk 18 and 20 4.1 “The Son of David” in Lk 18 in Luke’s Narrative Setting 4.2 “The Son of David” in Lk 20 with its Relationship with “Lord” 4.3 Summary 5. Conclusion 5.1 David as Religious Authority 5.2 David and Moses in Parallel 5.3 David as Psalmist 5.4 David as a Model for the Jews 5.5 David as an Indicator of the Messiah 5.5.1 The Davidic Genealogical Character of Jesus as the Messiah 5.5.2 The Davidic Typological Character of Jesus as the Messiah 5.5.3 The Divine Character of Jesus as the Messiah Chapter 10: Conclusion 1. Summary of Luke’s Portrayal of David in the Light of Early Judaism 1.1 David as Ideal King 1.2 David as Religious Authority 1.3 David and Moses in Parallel 1.4 David and Solomon in Parallel 1.5 David as Psalmist 1.6 David as a Model for the Jews 1.7 David as Prophet 1.8 David as an Indicator of the Messiah 1.8.1 Luke’s Messianology in the Davidic Category 1.8.1.1 The Davidic Genealogical Character of Jesus as the Messiah 1.8.1.2 The Davidic Typological Character of Jesus as the Messiah 1.8.2 Luke’s Messianology in the Divine Category 2. The Overall Function of Luke’s Use of the Figure of David in his Narrative 3. The Relationship between David and Jesus: New Propositions Bibliography Index of Sources Index of Modern Authors Index of Subjects