Material Balances for Chemical Reacting Systems

Description

Written for use in the first course of a typical chemical engineering program, Material Balances for Chemical Reacting Systems introduces and teaches students a rigorous approach to solving the types of macroscopic balance problems they will encounter as chemical engineers. This first course is generally taken after students have completed their studies of calculus and vector analysis, and these subjects are employed throughout this text. Since courses on ordinary differential equations and linear algebra are often taken simultaneously with the first chemical engineering course, these subjects are introduced as needed. Teaches readers the fundamental concepts associated with macroscopic balance analysis of multicomponent, reacting systems Offers a novel and scientifically correct approach to handling chemical reactions Includes an introductory approach to chemical kinetics Features many worked out problems, beginning with those that can be solved by hand and ending with those that benefit from the use of computer software This textbook is aimed at undergraduate chemical engineering students but can be used as a reference for graduate students and professional chemical engineers as well as readers from environmental engineering and bioengineering. The text features a solutions manual with detailed solutions for all problems, as well as PowerPoint lecture slides available to adopting professors. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Preface About the Authors Nomenclature Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Analysis Versus Design 1.3. Representation of Chemical Processes 1.4. Problems Chapter 2: Units 2.1. International System of Units 2.1.1. Molecular Mass 2.1.2. Systems of Units 2.2. Derived Units 2.3. Dimensionally Correct and Dimensionally Incorrect Equations 2.4. Convenience Units 2.5. Problems Chapter 3: Conservation of Mass for Single Component Systems 3.1. Closed and Open Systems 3.1.1. General Flux Relation 3.1.2. Construction of Control Volumes 3.2. Mass Flow Rates at Entrances and Exits 3.2.1. Convenient Forms 3.3. Moving Control Volumes 3.4. Problems Chapter 4: Multicomponent Systems 4.1. Axioms for the Mass of Multicomponent Systems 4.1.1. Molar Concentration and Molecular Mass 4.1.2. Moving Control Volumes 4.2. Species Mass Density 4.2.1. Mass Fraction and Mole Fraction 4.2.2. Total Mass Balance 4.3. Species Velocity 4.4. Measures of Velocity 4.5. Molar Flow Rates at Entrances and Exits 4.5.1. Average Concentrations 4.6. Alternate Flow Rates 4.7. Species Mole/mass Balance 4.7.1. Degrees-of-Freedom Analysis 4.7.2. Solution of Macroscopic Balance Equations 4.7.3. Solution of Sets of Equations 4.8. Multiple Units 4.9. Matrix Algebra 4.9.1. Inverse of a Square Matrix 4.9.2. Determination of the Inverse of a Square Matrix 4.10. Problems Chapter 5: Two-Phase Systems and Equilibrium Stages 5.1. Ideal Gas Behavior 5.2. Liquid Properties and Liquid Mixtures 5.3. Vapor Pressure of Liquids 5.3.1. Mixtures 5.4. Saturation, Dew Point and Bubble Point of Liquid Mixtures 5.4.1. Humidity 5.4.2. Modified Mole Fraction 5.5. Equilibrium Stages 5.6. Continuous Equilibrium Stage Processes 5.6.1. Sequential Analysis-algebraic 5.6.2. Sequential Analysis-graphical 5.7. Problems Chapter 6: Stoichiometry 6.1. Chemical Reactions 6.1.1. Principle of Stoichiometric Skepticism 6.2. Conservation of Atomic Species 6.2.1. Axioms and Theorems 6.2.2. Local and Global Forms of Axiom II 6.2.3. Solutions of Axiom II 6.2.4. Stoichiometric Equations 6.2.5. Elementary Row Operations and column/row Interchange Operations 6.2.6. Matrix Partitioning 6.3. Pivots and Non-pivots 6.3.1. Rank of the Atomic Matrix 6.4. Axioms and Theorems 6.5. Problems Chapter 7: Material Balances for Complex Systems 7.1. Multiple Reactions: Conversion, Selectivity and Yield 7.2. Combustion Reactions 7.2.1. Theoretical Air 7.3. Recycle Systems 7.3.1. Mixers and Splitters 7.3.2. Recycle and Purge Streams 7.4. Sequential Analysis for Recycle Systems 7.5. Problems Chapter 8: Transient Material Balances 8.1. Perfectly Mixed Stirred Tank 8.2. Batch Reactor 8.3. Definition of Reaction Rate 8.4. Biomass Production 8.5. Batch Distillation 8.6. Problems Chapter 9: Reaction Kinetics 9.1. Chemical Kinetics 9.1.1. Elementary Stoichiometry 9.1.2. Mass Action Kinetics and Elementary Stoichiometry 9.1.3. Decomposition of Azomethane and Reactive Intermediates 9.1.3.1. Assumptions and Consequences 9.2. Michaelis-Menten Kinetics 9.2.1. Catalysts 9.3. Mechanistic Matrix 9.3.1. Hydrogen Bromide Reaction 9.3.1.1. Schema I 9.3.1.2. Schema II 9.3.1.3. Schema III 9.3.1.4. Schema IV 9.3.1.5. Schema V 9.4. Matrices 9.4.1. Atomic Matrix 9.4.2. Pivot Matrix 9.4.3. Mechanistic Matrix 9.5. Problems Appendix A: Material Balances for Chemical Reacting Systems A.1. Atomic Mass of Common Elements Referred to Carbon-12 A.2. Physical Properties of Various Chemical Compounds A.3. Constants for Antoine’s Equation Appendix B: Iteration Methods B.1. Bisection Method B.2. False Position Method B.3. Newton’s Method B.4. Picard’s Method B.5. Wegstein’s Method B.6. Stability of Iteration Methods B.6.1. Newton’s Method B.6.2. Picard’s Method B.6.3. Wegstein’s Method Appendix C: Matrices C.1. Matrix Methods and Partitioning C.1.1. Matrix Addition C.1.2. Matrix Multiplication C.2. Problems Appendix D: Atomic Species Balances D.1. Problems Appendix E: Conservation of Charge E.1. Mechanistic Matrix Appendix F: Heterogeneous Reactions References Author Index Subject Index