Medieval Warfare 1000-1300

Description

The study of medieval warfare has developed enormously in recent years. The figure of the armoured mounted knight, who was believed to have materialized in Carolingian times, long dominated all discussion of the subject. It is now understood that the knight emerged over a long period of time and that he was never alone on the field of conflict. Infantry, at all times, played a substantial role in conflict, and the notion that they were in some way invented only in the fourteenth century is no longer sustainable. Moreover, modern writers have examined campaigns which for long seemed pointless because they did not lead to spectacular events like battles. As a result, we now understand the pattern of medieval war which often did not depend on battle but on exerting pressure on the opponent by economic warfare. This pattern was intensified by the existence of castles, and careful study has revealed much about their development and the evolving means of attacking them. Crusading warfare pitted westerners against a novel style of war and affords an opportunity to assess the military effectiveness of European methods. New areas of study are now developing. The logistics of medieval armies was always badly neglected, while until very recently there was a silence on the victims of war. Assembled in this volume are 31 papers which represent milestones in the development of the new ideas about medieval warfare, set in context by an introductory essay. Acknowledgements vi Series Preface ix Introduction xi 1. J. O. Prestwich (1954), 'War and Finance in the Anglo-Norman State', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4, pp. 19-43. 1 2. Elisabeth van Houts (1998), 'The Anglo-Flemish Treaty of 1101', Anglo-Norman Studies, 21, pp. 169-74. 27 3. Stephen D. B. Brown (1989), 'Military Service and Monetary Reward in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries', History, 74, pp. 20-38. 33 4. Jean Richard (1952), 'An Account of the Battle of Hattin Referring to the Frankish Mercenaries in Oriental Moslem States', Speculum, 27, pp. 168-77. 53 5. Ian Pierce (1987), 'Arms, Armour and Warfare in the Eleventh Century', Anglo-Norman Studies, 10, pp. 237-57. 63 6. R. H. C. Davis (1987), 'The Warhorses of the Normans', Anglo-Norman Studies, 10, pp. 67-82. 85 7. Claude Gaier (1965), 'Analysis of Military Forces in the Principality of Liège and the Country of Looz from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Century', Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History, 2, pp. 1-42, 42a,42b [205-61]. 101 8. R. Allen Brown (1980), 'The Battle of Hastings', Anglo-Norman Studies, 3, pp. 1-21, 197-201. 145 9. Matthew Bennett (1998), 'The Myth of the Military Supremacy of Knightly Cavalry', in M. J. Strickland (ed.), Armies, Chivalry and Warfare. Proceedings of the 1995 Harlaxton Symposium, Stamford: Paul Watkins, pp. 304-16. 171 10. Michael Prestwich (1995), 'Miles in Armis Strenuus: The Knight at War', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6, pp. 201-20. 185 11. Bernard S. Bachrach (1983), 'The Angevin Strategy of Castle Building in the Reign of Fulk Nerra, 987-1040', American Historical Review, 88, pp. 533-60. 205 12. Charles Coulson (1996), 'Cultural Realities and Reappraisals in English Castle-Study', Journal of Medieval History, 22, pp. 171-207. 233 13. Donald R. Hill (1973), 'Trebuchets', Viator, 4, pp. 99-114, 114a, 114b. 271 14. John Beeler (1963), 'Towards a Re-Evaluation of Medieval English Generalship', Journal of British Studies, 3, pp. 1-10. 289 15. John Gillingham (1984), 'Richard I and the Science of War in the Middle Ages', in J. Gillingham and J. C. Holt (eds.), War and Government in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of J. O. Prestwich, Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 78-91. 299 16. Stephen Morillo (1990), 'Hastings: An Unusual Battle', Haskins Society Journal, 2, pp. 95-103. 313 17. Richard Benjamin (1988), 'A Forty Years War: Toulouse and the Plantagenets, 1156-96', Historical Research, 61, pp. 270-85. 323 18. Elena Lourie (1966), 'A Society Organized for War: Medieval Spain', Past and Present, 35, pp. 54-76. 339 19. Reuven Amitai-Preiss (1992), 'Ayn Jalut Revisited', Tarih, 2, pp. 119-50. 363 20. Thomas Asbridge (1997), 'The Significance and Causes of the Battle of the Field of Blood', Journal of Medieval History, 23, pp. 301-16. 395 21. A. J. Forey (1984), 'The Failure of the Siege of Damascus in 1148', Journal of Medieval History, 10, pp. 13-23. 411 22. Alan V. Murray (1992), 'The Army of Godfrey of Bouillon, 1096-1099: Structure and Dynamics of a Contingent on the First Crusade', Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 70, pp. 301-29. 423 23. John France (2000), 'Crusading Warfare and its Adaptation to Eastern Conditions in the Twelfth Century', Mediterranean Historical Review, 15, pp. 49-66. 453 24. Denys Pringle (1989), 'Crusader Castles: The First Generation', Fortress, 1, pp. 1-16. 471 25. Ronnie Ellenblum (1999), 'Frankish Castle-Building in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem', in S. Rozenberg (ed.), Knights of the Holy Land. The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, Jerusalem: Israeli Museum, pp. 1-5 [142-7]. 487 26. H. E. J. Cowdrey (1977), 'The Mahdia Campaign of 1087', English Historical Review, 92, pp. 1-29. 493 27. John H. Pryor (1982), 'Transportation of Horses by Sea during the Era of the Crusades: Eighth Century to 1285 A.D.', Mariners Mirror, 68, pp. 9-30, 103-26. 523 28. John W. Nesbitt (1963), 'The Rate of March of Crusading Armies in Europe: A Study and Computation', Traditio, 19, pp. 167-81. 569 29. Malcolm Barber (1992), 'Supplying the Crusader States: The Role of the Templars', in B. Z. Kedar (ed.), The Horns of Hattin, Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi, pp. 314-26. 585 30. David Nicolle (2002), 'Wounds, Military Surgery and the Reality of Crusading Warfare: the Evidence of Usamah's Memoires', Journal of Oriental and African Studies, 5, pp. 33-46. 599 31. Yvonne Friedman (2001), 'Captivity and Ransom: The Experience of Women', in S. B. Edgington and S. Lambert (eds.), Gendering the Crusades Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 121-39. 613 Name Index 633