Effect-Directed Analysis of Complex Environmental Contamination

Description

Today more than 5 million chemicals are known and roughly 100,000 of them are frequently used, with both numbers rising. Many of these chemicals are ultimately released into the environment and may cause adverse effects to ecosystems and human health. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is a promising tool for identifying predominant toxicants in complex, mostly environmental mixtures combining effect testing, fractionation and chemical analysis. In the present book leading experts in the field provide an overview of relevant approaches and tools used in EDA. This includes diagnostic biological tools, separation techniques and advanced analytical and computer tools for toxicant identification and structure elucidation. Examples of the successful application of EDA are discussed such as the identification of mutagens in airborne particles and sediments, of endocrine disruptors in aquatic ecosystems and of major toxicants in pulp and paper mill effluents. This book is a valuable, comprehensive and interdisciplinary source of information for environmental scientists and environmental agencies dealing with the analysis, monitoring and assessment of environmental contamination. Front Matter....Pages i-xviii Early Evolution of the Toxicity Identification Evaluation Process: Contributions from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Testing Program....Pages 1-18 Recent Developments in Whole Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluations: Innovations in Manipulations and Endpoints....Pages 19-40 Considerations for Incorporating Bioavailability in Effect-Directed Analysis and Toxicity Identification Evaluation....Pages 41-68 Diagnostic Tools for Effect-Directed Analysis of Mutagens, AhR Agonists, and Endocrine Disruptors....Pages 69-82 Separation Techniques in Effect-Directed Analysis....Pages 83-118 Simultaneous Screening and Chemical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Using LC-MS-Based Technologies (Affinity Chromatography)....Pages 119-141 Advanced GC–MS and LC–MS Tools for Structure Elucidation in Effect-Directed Analysis....Pages 143-165 Computer Tools for Structure Elucidation in Effect-Directed Analysis....Pages 167-198 Effect-Directed Analysis of Mutagens in Ambient Airborne Particles....Pages 199-235 Effect-Directed Analysis of Endocrine Disruptors in Aquatic Ecosystems....Pages 237-265 Effects-Directed Studies of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents....Pages 267-283 Effect-Directed Analysis of Ah-Receptor Mediated Toxicants, Mutagens, and Endocrine Disruptors in Sediments and Biota....Pages 285-313 Ecological Relevance of Key Toxicants in Aquatic Systems....Pages 315-339 Back Matter....Pages 341-345