Varieties of Qualitative Research Methods: Selected Contextual Perspectives

Description

This book is a compilation of more than 70 qualitative research concepts that are used by researchers and practitioners in the social sciences and humanities. The concepts include methods and methodologies applied in qualitative research in various contexts. Each concept is a standalone chapter that is authored by a researcher or practitioner who has had some scholarly experience with it. The chapters are alphabetized using the titles of the concepts to provide easy access for readers. They follow a prescribed outline which ensures homogeneity in the layout of the book. Each chapter starts with a brief historical background of the concept, followed by a concise description of the concept, and the process used in its application. Readers are then provided with the possible ways in which the concept can be used, and its benefits. Each chapter concludes by providing readers with some strengths and limitations of the concept and a list of references that authors have used in the chapter.  Acknowledgements Contents Editors and Contributors About the Editors Contributors 1 Introduction to a Variety of Qualitative Research Methods 1.1 Organization of Variety of Qualitative Research Methods 1.2 Uniqueness of Varieties of Qualitative Research Methods 1.3 Possible Uses of Varieties of Qualitative Research Methods 1.4 Engagement with Varieties of Qualitative Research Methods 2 Action Research 2.1 Brief History of Action Research 2.2 Description and Process of Action Research 2.3 When and How Action Research is Used 2.4 Critical Elements of Action Research (Strengths and Limitations) References 3 Actor-Network Theory 3.1 Brief History of Actor-Network Theory 3.2 Description and Key Terms Associated with Actor-Network Theory 3.3 Purpose: When and How Actor-Network Theory is Used 3.4 Processes Related to Actor-Network Theory 3.5 Strengths of Actor-Network Theory 3.6 Limitations of Actor-Network Theory 3.7 Application of Actor-Network Theory References 4 Affinity Research Approach 4.1 Brief History of Affinity Research Approach 4.2 Description of Affinity Research Approach 4.3 When and How Affinity Research Approach Can Be Used 4.4 Research Tool 4.5 Brainstorming Tool 4.6 Process of Affinity Research Approach 4.7 The Affinity Research Technique Requirements 4.8 Strengths of Affinity Research Approach 4.9 Limitations of Affinity Research Approach References 5 Appreciative Inquiry 5.1 Brief History of Appreciative Inquiry 5.2 The AI Methodology 5.3 What the Appreciative Inquiry Method Can Be Used to Study 5.4 Why Use Appreciative Inquiry? 5.5 Sample Domains for Appreciative Inquiry Use 5.6 Process for Appreciative Inquiry 5.7 Strengths of Appreciative Inquiry 5.8 Limitations of Appreciative Inquiry References 6 Archival Research 6.1 Brief History of Archival Research 6.2 Why and How to Use Archival Research 6.3 Example of Archival Research in Practice 6.4 Methodological Strengths 6.5 Methodological Limitations References 7 Arts‐Based Inquiry 7.1 Brief History Arts‐Based Inquiry 7.2 Description of Arts‐Based Inquiry 7.3 When and How Arts‐Based Inquiry Is Used 7.4 Process of Arts‐Based Inquiry 7.5 Strengths and Limitations of Arts‐Based Inquiry References 8 Asset Mapping 8.1 Brief History of the Asset Mapping Method 8.2 The Method of Asset Mapping 8.3 Uses for Asset Mapping Method 8.4 Sample Domains for Asset Mapping Use 8.5 Process for Asset Mapping 8.6 Strengths of the Asset Mapping Method 8.7 Limitations of the Asset Mapping Method References 9 Autoethnography 9.1 Background of Autoethnography 9.2 Description of Autoethnography 9.3 Purpose of Autoethnography 9.4 Process of Autoethnography 9.5 Strengths of Autoethnography 9.6 Limitations of Autoethnography 9.7 Application of Autoethnography References 10 Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method 10.1 Brief History of Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method 10.2 Description of Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method 10.3 What Can Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method Be Used to Study? 10.4 Why Use Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method? 10.5 Processes Entailed with Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method 10.6 Strengths of Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method 10.7 Limitations of Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method 10.8 Application of Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method References 11 Case Study 11.1 Brief History of Case Study 11.2 Description of Case Study 11.3 Philosophical Foundations for Case Study Method 11.4 When to Use a Case Study Approach 11.5 Typologies of Case Studies 11.5.1 Idiographic Case Studies 11.5.2 Hypothesis-Generating Case Studies 11.5.3 Plausibility Probe Case Studies 11.6 Strengths of Case Study Methods 11.7 Limitations of Case Study Methods 11.8 Application of Case Study Method References 12 Coding Qualitative Data 12.1 Brief History of Coding Qualitative Data 12.2 When and How Coding is Used 12.3 Process of Coding Qualitative Data 12.4 Application of Coding Qualitative Data 12.5 Strengths of Coding Qualitative Data 12.6 Limitations of Coding Qualitative Data References 13 Comparative Analysis 13.1 Brief History of Comparative Analysis 13.2 Methods Related to Comparative Analysis 13.3 What Can Comparative Analysis be Used to Study? 13.4 Why Use Comparative Analysis? 13.5 Process for Comparative Analysis 13.6 Strengths of Comparative Analysis 13.7 Limitations of Comparative Analysis 13.8 Case Study References 14 Content Analysis 14.1 Brief History of Content Analysis 14.2 The Method of Content Analysis 14.3 What Does Content Analysis Look like? 14.4 Strengths and Limitations of Content Analysis References 15 Critical Ethnography 15.1 Brief History of Critical Ethnography 15.2 Description of Critical Ethnography 15.3 Process of Critical Ethnography 15.4 Purpose: How Critical Ethnography is Used 15.5 Strengths and Limitations of Critical Ethnography 15.6 Engagement Activity References 16 Critical Race Theory 16.1 Brief History of Critical Race Theory 16.2 Related Methods of Critical Race Theory 16.3 How and When Critical Race Theory Can Be Used 16.4 Tenets of Critical Race Theory 16.5 Process for Critical Race Theory 16.6 Strengths of Critical Race Theory 16.7 Criticism of Critical Race Theory References 17 Critical Theory 17.1 Brief History of Critical Theory 17.2 Why Use Critical Theory? 17.3 Related Methods 17.4 Suggested Domains for Critical Theory Use 17.5 What Critical Theory Can Be Used to Study? 17.6 Application of Critical Theory 17.7 Strengths of Critical Theory 17.8 Limitations of Critical Theory References 18 Cultural Domain Analysis 18.1 Brief History Cultural Domain Analysis 18.2 Methodology of Cultural Domain Analysis 18.3 What Cultural Domain Analysis Can Be Used to Study? 18.4 Why Use Cultural Domain Analysis? 18.5 Domains for Cultural Domain Analysis Use 18.6 Process for Cultural Domain Analysis 18.7 Strengths of Cultural Domain Analysis 18.8 Limitations of Cultural Domain Analysis References 19 Decolonizing Methodologies: A Pacific Island Lens 19.1 Brief History of Decolonizing Methodologies 19.2 Description of Decolonizing Methodologies 19.3 When and How a Decolonizing Methodology is Used 19.4 Process of Decolonizing Methodologies 19.5 Strengths of Decolonizing Methodologies 19.6 Limitations of Decolonizing Methodologies References 20 Decolonizing Autoethnography 20.1 Brief History of Decolonizing Autoethnography 20.2 Decolonizing Autoethnography as a Methodology 20.3 Why Use Decolonizing Autoethnography Methodology? 20.4 What Can Decolonizing Autoethnography Be Used to Study? 20.5 Areas of Study Where Decolonizing Autoethnography is Used 20.6 Process of Decolonizing Autoethnography 20.7 Strengths of Decolonizing Autoethnography 20.8 Limitations of Decolonizing Autoethnography References 21 Deliberative Public Engagement 21.1 Brief History of Deliberative Public Engagement 21.2 Deliberative Public Engagement as a Method 21.3 What Deliberative Public Engagement Can Be Used to Study 21.4 Why Use Deliberative Public Engagement? 21.5 Sample Domains for Deliberative Public Engagement 21.6 Process for Deliberative Public Engagement 21.7 Application of Deliberative Public Engagement 21.8 Strengths of Deliberative Public Engagement 21.9 Limitations of Deliberative Public Engagement References 22 Discursive Positioning 22.1 Brief History of Discursive Positioning 22.2 Related Methods and Topics Connected to Discursive Positioning 22.3 Using Discursive Positioning 22.4 Application: Discursive Positioning in Practice 22.5 Strengths and Limitations of Discursive Positioning References 23 Document Analysis 23.1 Brief History of Document Analysis 23.2 The Method of Document Analysis 23.3 What Document Analysis Can Be Used to Study 23.4 Why Use Document Analysis as a Method 23.5 Process of Document Analysis 23.6 Strengths and Limitations of Document Analysis 23.7 Application of Document Analysis References 24 Duo-ethnographic Methodology 24.1 Brief History of Duo-ethnographic Methodology 24.2 Description of Duo-ethnographic Methodology 24.3 Purpose of Duo-ethnographic Methodology 24.4 Process of Duo-ethnographic Methodology 24.5 Strengths of Duo-ethnographic Methodology 24.6 Limitations of Duo-ethnographic Methodology 24.7 Application of Duo-ethnographic Methodology 24.8 Teaching Duo-ethnographic Methodology Additional Readings 25 Electronic Delphi Method 25.1 Brief History of Electronic Delphi Method 25.2 The Method of Electronic Delphi 25.3 What Electronic Delphi Can Be Used to Study? 25.4 Why Use the Electronic Delphi Method? 25.5 Sample Domains for Electronic Delphi Method 25.6 Process for Electronic Delphi 25.7 Strengths of the Electronic Delphi Method 25.8 Limitations of the Electronic Delphi References 26 Embodied Research Methodologies 26.1 Brief History of Embodied Research Methodologies 26.2 Description of Embodied Research Methodologies 26.3 When and How Embodied Research Methodologies Are Used 26.4 Process of Embodied Research Methodologies 26.5 Strengths and Limitations of Embodied Research Methodologies 26.6 Application of Embodied Research Methodologies References 27 Ethnomethodology 27.1 Brief History of Ethnomethodology 27.2 Description of Ethnomethodology 27.3 Philosophical Foundation of Ethnomethodology 27.4 When to Use Ethnomethodology Approach 27.5 Typologies of Ethnomethodology Studies 27.6 Strengths of Ethnomethodology 27.7 Limitations of Ethnomethodology 27.8 Application of Ethnomethodology References 28 Fa’afaletui Framework 28.1 Brief History of Fa’afaletui Framework 28.2 The Purpose Fa’afaletui Framework 28.3 The Process of Fa’afaletui Framework 28.4 When and How Fa’afaletui Can Be Used? 28.5 Strengths of Fa’afaletui Framework 28.6 Limitations of Fa’afaletui Framework References 29 Facet Theory Research Approach 29.1 Brief History of Facet Theory Approach 29.2 Description of Facet Theory Approach 29.3 When and How Facet Theory Approach is Used 29.4 The Process of Facet Theory Approach 29.5 Strengths of Facet Theory Approach 29.6 Limitations of Facet Theory Approach References 30 Feminist Autoethnography 30.1 Brief History of Feminist Autoethnography 30.2 Feminist Autoethnography as Methodology and Method 30.3 What Feminist Autoethnography Can Be Used to Study 30.4 Why Use Feminist Autoethnography 30.5 Areas Where Feminist Autoethnography is Used 30.6 The Process of Feminist Autoethnography 30.7 Application of Feminist Autoethnography 30.8 Strengths of Feminist Autoethnography 30.9 Limitations of Feminist Autoethnography References 31 Focus Groups 31.1 Brief History of Focus Groups 31.2 Description of Focus Groups 31.3 When and How Focus Groups are Used 31.4 Process of Focus Groups 31.5 Strengths of Focus Groups 31.6 Limitations of Focus Groups References 32 Force-Field Analysis 32.1 Brief History of Force-Field Analysis 32.2 Methodology of Force-Field Analysis 32.3 What Force-Field Analysis Can Be Used to Study 32.4 Why Use Force-Field Analysis? 32.5 Sample Domains for Force-Field Analysis 32.6 Process for Force-Field Analysis 32.7 Strengths of Force-Field Analysis 32.8 Limitations of Force-Field Analysis References 33 Grounded Theory 33.1 Brief History of Grounded Theory 33.2 Description of Grounded Theory 33.3 Philosophical Foundations of Grounded Theory 33.4 When to Use Grounded Theory in Research 33.5 Typology of Grounded Theory Studies 33.6 Strengths of Grounded Theory 33.7 Limitations of Grounded Theory 33.8 Application of Ground Theory References 34 Harnessing Insights with NVivo 34.1 Brief History of NVivo 34.2 Processes Associated with NVivo 34.3 Application of NVivo 34.4 Limitations of NVivo References 35 Hermeneutics 35.1 History of the Methodology 35.2 The Approach 35.3 What Can it Be Used to Study? 35.4 Why Use This Methodology? 35.5 Process 35.6 Critique (Strengths and Limitations) 35.7 Application References 36 Hermeneutic Phenomenology 36.1 Brief History of Hermeneutic Phenomenology 36.2 Description of Hermeneutic Phenomenology 36.3 What Can Hermeneutic Phenomenology Be Used to Study 36.4 Why Use Hermeneutic Phenomenology 36.5 Process of Hermeneutic Phenomenology 36.6 Strengths and Limitations of Hermeneutic Phenomenology References 37 Indigenous Métissage 37.1 Brief History of Indigenous Métissage 37.2 Related Methods to Indigenous Métissage 37.3 The Description of Indigenous Métissage 37.4 Processes of Indigenous Métissage 37.5 What Can Indigenous Métissage Be Used to Study? 37.6 Strengths and Limitations of Indigenous Métissage Additional Reading 38 Indigenous Participatory Action Research (PAR) 38.1 Brief History of Indigenous Participatory Action Research 38.2 Indigenous PAR as Methodology and Method 38.3 What Indigenous PAR Can Be Used to Study 38.4 Why Use Indigenous PAR 38.5 Areas Where Indigenous PAR Can Be Used 38.5.1 Process for Indigenous PAR 38.5.2 Strengths of Indigenous PAR 38.5.3 Limitations of Indigenous PAR 38.5.4 Application of Indigenous PAR References 39 Interpretation and Expert Panels 39.1 Brief History of Interpretation and Expert Panels 39.2 The Method of Expert and Interpretation Panel 39.3 What Are Uses of Expert and Interpretation Panels 39.4 Why Use Expert and Interpretation Panels? 39.5 Sample Domains for Expert/Interpretation Panels 39.5.1 Process for Expert/Interpretation Panels 39.5.2 Strengths of Interpretation and Expert Panels 39.5.3 Limitations of Interpretation and Expert Panels References 40 Interpretive Analysis 40.1 Brief History of the Interpretive Analysis 40.2 Description of Interpretative Analysis 40.3 Purpose of Interpretive Analysis 40.4 Processes of Interpretative Analysis 40.5 Critique of Interpretative Analysis References 41 Interpretive Description 41.1 Brief History of Interpretive Description 41.2 The Methodology of Interpretive Description 41.3 What Can Interpretive Description Be Used to Study? 41.4 Why Use Interpretive Description? 41.5 Process of Interpretive Description 41.6 Strengths of Interpretive Description 41.7 Weaknesses of Interpretive Description References 42 Institutional Ethnography 42.1 Brief History of Institutional Ethnography 42.2 Description of Institutional Ethnography 42.3 Purpose (When and How IE is Used) 42.4 Process of Institutional Ethnography 42.5 Institutional Ethnography in Use 42.6 Strengths and Limitations of Institutional Ethnography References 43 Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis 43.1 Brief History of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) 43.2 Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis as a Method 43.3 What Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Can Be Used to Study 43.4 Why Use Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis? 43.5 Sample Domains for Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Use 43.6 Process for Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis 43.7 Strengths of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis 43.8 Limitations of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis 43.9 Applications of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis References 44 Kakala Research Framework 44.1 Brief History of Kakala Research Framework 44.2 Methodology of Kakala Research Framework 44.3 Applying the Kakala Research Framework 44.4 Process for Using the Kakala Research Framework 44.5 Strengths and Limitations of Kakala Research Framework References 45 Kaupapa Māori 45.1 Brief History of Kaupapa Māori 45.2 Kaupapa Māori as a Method 45.3 What Kaupapa Māori Can Be Used to Study 45.4 Why Use Kaupapa Māori 45.5 Domains Kaupapa Māori Can Be Used in 45.6 Application of Kaupapa Māori 45.7 Process for Kaupapa Māori Research 45.8 Characteristic 1 45.9 Characteristic 2 45.10 Characteristic 3 45.11 Characteristic 4 45.12 Strengths 45.13 Limitations of Kaupapa Māori 46 Life History Narrative 46.1 History of Life History Narrative 46.2 Description of Life History Narrative 46.3 What Life History Narrative is Used to Study 46.4 Domains of Life History Research 46.5 Process of Life History Research 46.6 Strengths of the Life History Approach 46.7 Limitations the Life History Approach References 47 Manual Transcription 47.1 Brief History of Manual Transcription 47.2 Why Perform Transcription Manually? 47.3 Nature of Qualitative Research 47.4 Process of Data Transformation 47.5 Hybrid Approach to Manual Transcription 47.6 Foot Pedals and Manual Transcription 47.7 Application of Manual Transcription References 48 Melanesian Tok Stori Research 48.1 Brief History of Melanesian Tok Stori Research 48.2 Tok Story as Methodology 48.3 What Can Tok Stori Be Used to Study? 48.4 Why Use Tok Stori? 48.5 Sample Domains for Tok Stori’s Use 48.6 Process of Melanesian Tok Stori Research 48.7 Strengths of Melanesian Tok Stori Research 48.8 Limitations of Melanesian Tok Stori Research References 49 Métissage 49.1 Brief History of Métissage 49.2 The Methodology of Métissage 49.3 Related Methods to Métissage 49.4 What Can Métissage Be Used to Study? 49.5 Why Use Métissage? 49.6 Processes of Métissage 49.7 Strengths and Limitations of Métissage 49.8 Scenario References 50 Metaphor Analysis 50.1 Brief History of Metaphor Analysis 50.2 Description of Metaphor Analysis 50.3 Purpose of Metaphor Analysis 50.4 Processes of Metaphor Analysis 50.5 Strengths and Limitations of Metaphor Analysis 50.6 Application of Metaphor Analysis References 51 Narrative Inquiry 51.1 Brief History of Narrative Inquiry 51.2 Description of Narrative Inquiry 51.3 Methods to Narrative Inquiry 51.4 What Narrative Inquiry Can Be Used to Study 51.5 Suggested Domains for Narrative Inquiry Use 51.6 Why Use Narrative Inquiry? 51.7 Narrative Inquiry Use in Education 51.8 Process for Narrative Inquiry 51.9 Strengths and Limitations of Narrative Inquiry 51.10 Application of Narrative Inquiry References 52 Naturalistic Decision-Making Method 52.1 Brief History of Naturalistic Decision-Making 52.2 Related Methods Naturalistic Decision-Making 52.3 What Naturalistic Decision-Making Can Be Used to Study 52.4 Why Use Naturalistic Decision-Making? 52.5 Suggested Domains for Naturalistic Decision-Making Use 52.6 Process for Naturalistic Decision-Making 52.7 Strengths and Limitations of the Naturalistic Decision-Making Method References 53 Nominal Group Research 53.1 Brief History of the Nominal Group Research 53.2 Description of Nominal Group Research 53.3 When and How Nominal Group Research Technique is Used 53.4 Processes for Nominal Group Research 53.5 Strengths of Nominal Group Research Approach 53.6 Limitations of Nominal Group Research Approach References 54 Observational Study 54.1 Brief History of Observational Study 54.2 The Methodology of Observational Studies 54.3 What Can Observational Research Be Used to Study? 54.4 Strengths and Limitations of Observational Study References 55 Online Focus Groups 55.1 Brief History Online Focus Groups 55.2 Description of Online Focus Groups 55.3 Processes for Online Focus Groups 55.4 Strengths of Online Focus Groups 55.5 Limitations of Online Focus Groups 55.6 Application for Online Focus Groups 55.7 Applications of Focus Groups References 56 Participatory Learning and Action 56.1 Brief History of Participatory Learning and Action 56.2 Participatory Learning and Action Methodology 56.3 What Participatory Learning and Action Can Be Used to Study 56.4 Why Use Participatory Learning and Action? 56.5 Areas of Participatory Learning and Action Use 56.6 Process for the Use of Participatory Learning and Action 56.7 Strengths and Limitations of Participatory Learning and Action References 57 Phenomenography 57.1 Brief History of Phenomenography 57.2 Description of Phenomenography 57.3 Purpose of Phenomenography 57.4 Process of Phenomenography 57.5 Application of Phenomenography 57.6 Strengths of Phenomenography 57.7 Limitations of Phenomenography References 58 Phenomenological Studies 58.1 Brief History of Phenomenological Studies 58.2 Description of Phenomenological Studies 58.3 Philosophical Foundations of Phenomenological Studies 58.4 When to Use the Phenomenological Studies 58.5 Typology of Phenomenological Methodology 58.6 Strengths of Phenomenological Studies 58.7 Limitations of Phenomenological Studies 58.8 Application of Phenomenological Studies References 59 Photo Elicitation Interviews 59.1 Brief History of Photo Elicitation Interviews 59.2 Description Photo Elicitation Interviews 59.3 Purpose of Photo Elicitation Interviews 59.4 Processes of Photo Elicitation Interviews 59.5 Strengths and Limitations of Photo Elicitation Interviews References 60 Photo Voice 60.1 Brief History of Photovoice 60.2 The Photovoice Method 60.3 What Uses Does the Photovoice Method Have? 60.4 Why Use Photovoice? 60.5 Sample Domains for Photovoice 60.6 Process for Photovoice 60.7 Strengths of Photovoice 60.8 Limitations of Photovoice References 61 Portraiture 61.1 Brief History of Portraiture 61.2 Methods Related to Portraiture 61.3 What Portraiture Can Be Used to Study 61.4 Why Use Portraiture? 61.5 Domains for Portraiture’s Use 61.6 Process for Portraiture 61.7 Strengths and Limitations of Portraiture (Adapted from Lawrence-Lightfoot & Davis, 1997) 61.8 Sample Application of Portraiture References 62 Qualitative Longitudinal Research 62.1 Brief History of Qualitative Longitudinal Research (QLR) 62.2 Description Qualitative Longitudinal Research 62.3 Purpose of Qualitative Longitudinal Research 62.4 Processes of Qualitative Longitudinal Research 62.5 Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative Longitudinal Research 62.6 Application of Qualitative Longitudinal Research References 63 Realist Analysis 63.1 Brief History of Realist Analysis 63.2 Description of Realism 63.3 Purpose of Realist Analysis 63.4 Process of Realism 63.5 What Can Realist Analysis Be Used to Study? 63.6 Why Use Realist Analysis? 63.7 Strengths of Realist Analysis 63.8 Limitations of Realist Analysis References 64 Reception Theory 64.1 Brief History of Reception Theory 64.2 The Methodology of Reception Theory 64.3 What Reception Theory Can Be Used to Study 64.4 Why Use Reception Theory? 64.5 The Processes of Reception Theory 64.6 Limitations of Reception Theory 64.7 Reception Theory in Practice References 65 Reflective Journaling 65.1 Brief History of Reflective Journaling 65.2 Ways to Use Reflective Journaling in Research 65.3 How to Engage in Reflective Journaling 65.4 Application: Reflective Journaling in Practice 65.5 Strengths and Limitations of Reflective Journaling References 66 Reflexive Bracketing 66.1 Brief History of Reflexive Bracketing 66.2 Reflexive Bracketing as a Method 66.3 What Reflexive Bracketing Can Be Used to Study 66.4 Why Use Reflexive Bracketing? 66.5 Sample Domains for Reflexive Bracketing Use 66.6 Process for Reflexive Bracketing 66.7 Strengths of Reflexive Bracketing 66.8 Limitations of Reflexive Bracketing 66.9 Application of Reflexive Bracketing References 67 Rhizoanalysis 67.1 Brief History to Rhizoanlalysiss 67.2 Thinking with Rhizoanalysis … Its (Un)Relation to Other Methods 67.3 A Place for Rhizoanalysis in Research 67.4 Why Use Rhizoanalysis? 67.5 The (Un)Process of Rhizoanalyis 67.6 Strengths and Limitations of Rhizoanalyis References 68 Situational Analysis/SWOT 68.1 Brief History of Situational Analysis 68.2 Description of Situational Analysis 68.3 Philosophical Foundations of Situational Analysis 68.4 When to Use the Situational/SWOT Analysis 68.5 Typology of the Situational/SWOT Analysis Method 68.6 Strengths of Situational Analysis 68.7 Limitations of Situational Analysis 68.8 Application of Situational Analysis References 69 Social Network Analysis 69.1 Brief History of Social Network Analysis 69.2 Method of Social Network Analysis 69.3 What Social Network Analysis Can Be Used to Study? 69.4 Why Use Social Network Analysis? 69.5 Sample Domains for Social Network Analysis Use 69.6 Process for Social Network Analysis 69.7 Strengths of Social Network Analysis 69.8 Limitations of Social Network Analysis References 70 Structural Narrative Analysis 70.1 Brief History of Structural Narrative Analysis 70.2 Structural Narrative Analysis as a Method 70.3 What Structural Narrative Analysis Can Be Used to Study 70.4 Why Use Structural Narrative Analysis? 70.5 Sample Domains for Structural Narrative Analysis Use 70.6 Application of Structural Narrative Analysis 70.7 Process for Structural Narrative Analysis 70.8 Strengths of Structural Narrative Analysis 70.9 Limitations of Structural Narrative Analysis References 71 Symbolic Interactionism 71.1 Brief History of Symbolic Interactionism 71.2 Chicago School Symbolic Interactionism’s Guiding Premises 71.3 Conducting Symbolic Interactionist Research 71.4 Critique of Symbolic Interactionist Research 71.5 Application of Symbolic Interactionist Research References 72 Thematic Analysis 72.1 Brief History of Thematic Analysis 72.2 Thematic Analysis as a Method 72.3 What Thematic Analysis Can Be Used to Study 72.4 Why Use Thematic Analysis 72.5 Samples Domains for Thematic Analysis Use 72.6 Process for Thematic Analysis 72.7 Strengths of Thematic Analysis 72.8 Limitations of Thematic Analysis 72.9 Applications of Thematic Analysis References 73 Transect Walk Research Method 73.1 Brief History of Transect Walk 73.2 Description of Transect Walk 73.3 How Transect Walk Method is Used 73.4 Process of Transect Walks 73.5 Strengths of Transect Walk 73.6 Limitations of Transect Walk References 74 Videovoice 74.1 Brief History of Videovoice 74.2 Method of Videovoice 74.3 What the Videovoice Method Can Be Used to Study 74.4 Why Use Videovoice? 74.5 Sample Domains for Videovoice Use 74.6 Process for Videovoice Method 74.7 Strengths of Videovoice Method 74.8 Limitations of Videovoice Method References 75 World Café 75.1 Brief History of World Café 75.2 Method of World Café 75.3 What World Café Can Be Used to Study 75.4 Why Use World Café 75.5 Sample Domains for World Café 75.6 Process for World Café 75.7 Strengths of World Café 75.8 Limitations of World Café References 76 Conclusions 76.1 Concluding Comments Reference