Applications of Fluoropolymer Films: Properties, Processing, and Products (Plastics Design Library)

Description

Applications of Fluoropolymer Films: Properties, Processing and Products presents an overview of fluoropolymer films, manufacturing methods, typical properties, and commercial grades for each type of fluoropolymer film. The second part of the book is uniquely focused on the applications of fluoropolymer films, with detailed information on their use in cutting-edge items across major industries, including aerospace and automotive, architectural, chemical processing, construction, consumer products, electronics, food packaging, pharmaceuticals and solar energy. Presents a focused approach on the practical applications of fluoropolymer films, supporting their use in state-of-the-art products across a range of industriesContains detailed coverage of manufacturing methods, properties and commercial grades for fluoropolymer filmsUnlocks the potential of the advanced properties offered by fluoropolymer films 0 title-page-2020 Front-matter Applications of Fluoropolymer Films Applications of Fluoropolymer Films 02 Copyright_2020_Applications-of-Fluoropolymer-Films Copyright Dedication_2020_Applications-of-Fluoropolymer-Films Dedication Contents_2020_Applications-of-Fluoropolymer-Films Contents Part I Materials, Technology, and Properties1 Part II Typical Properties of and Applications for Fluoropolymer Films145 Part III Commercial Grades of Fluoropolymer Films and Their Applications175 Preface_2020_Applications-of-Fluoropolymer-Films Preface 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Definitions 1.1.1 Polymeric Films and Sheets 1.1.2 Fluoropolymers 1.2 Manufacturing Methods for the Production of Films From Melt-Processible Thermoplastics 1.2.1 Film Extrusion 1.2.2 Film Extrusion Methods 1.2.2.1 Cast Film Extrusion 1.2.2.2 Blown Film Extrusion 1.2.2.3 Coextrusion 1.3 Secondary Processing of Thermoplastic Films 1.3.1 Surface Preparation of Thermoplastic Films 1.3.1.1 Corona Treatment 1.3.1.2 Plasma Treatment 1.3.1.3 Flame Treatment 1.3.1.4 Chemical Etching 1.3.1.5 Sodium Etching of Fluoroplastics 1.3.2 Lamination of Thermoplastic Films 1.3.2.1 Hot Roll/Belt Lamination 1.3.2.2 Flame Lamination 1.3.3 Heat Sealing of Thermoplastic Films 1.3.4 Metallization of Thermoplastic Films 1.3.4.1 Arc and Flame Spraying 1.3.4.2 Electroless Plating and Electroplating 1.3.4.3 Vacuum Metallization 1.3.5 Orientation 1.3.5.1 Machine Direction Orientation 1.3.5.2 Transverse Direction Orientation 1.3.5.3 Biaxial Orientation 1.3.5.4 Blown Film Orientation References 2 2 Materials for Fluoropolymer Films and Sheets 2.1 Perfluoroethylene (Polytetrafluoroethylene) 2.1.1 Industrial Process for Production of Polytetrafluoroethylene 2.1.2 Structure and Related Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene 2.1.3 General Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene 2.1.4 Forms of PTFE Resins for Films and Sheets 2.1.5 Modified Polytetrafluoroethylene 2.1.6 Processing of PTFE 2.1.7 Applications for Polytetrafluoroethylene 2.2 Melt-Processible Fluoropolymers 2.2.1 Industrial Process for the Production of Melt-Processible Fluoropolymers 2.2.1.1 Industrial Process for the Production of Perfluoroalkoxy Resins 2.2.1.2 Industrial Process for the Production of Perfluoroalkoxy Resins 2.2.1.3 Industrial Process for the Production of ETFE Resins 2.2.1.4 Industrial Process for the Production of Poly(Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Resins 2.2.1.5 Industrial Process for the Production of ECTFE Resins 2.2.1.6 Industrial Process for the Production of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Resins 2.2.1.7 Industrial Process for the Production of THV Terpolymers 2.2.2 Structure and Related Properties of Melt-Processible Fluoropolymers 2.2.2.1 Structure and Related Properties of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Resins 2.2.2.2 Structure and Related Properties of Perfluoroalkoxy Resins 2.2.2.3 Structure and Related Properties of ETFE Resins 2.2.2.4 Structure and Related Properties of Poly(Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Resins 2.2.2.5 Structure and Related Properties of ECTFE Resins 2.2.2.6 Structure and Related Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Resins 2.2.2.7 Structure and Related Properties of THV Fluoroplastics 2.2.3 Processing of Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics 2.2.3.1 Processing of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Resins 2.2.3.2 Processing of PFA Resins 2.2.3.3 Processing of MFA Resins 2.2.3.4 Processing of ETFE Resins 2.2.3.5 Processing of Poly(Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Resins 2.2.3.6 Processing of ECTFE Resins 2.2.3.7 Processing of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Resins 2.2.3.8 Processing of THV Fluoroplastics 2.2.4 Applications for Melt-Processible Fluoropolymers 2.2.4.1 Applications for Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Resins 2.2.4.2 Applications for Perfluoroalkoxy Resins 2.2.4.3 Applications for ETFE Resins 2.2.4.4 Applications for Poly(Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Resins 2.2.4.5 Applications for ECTFE Resins 2.2.4.6 Applications for Polyvinylidene Fluoride Resins 2.2.4.7 Applications for THV Fluoroplastics 2.3 Other Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 2.3.1 Industrial Processes for the Production of Other Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 2.3.1.1 Industrial Process for the Production of Polyvinyl Fluoride 2.3.1.2 Industrial Processes for Production of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 2.3.1.3 Industrial Processes for the Production of Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 2.3.2 Structure and Related Properties of Other Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 2.3.2.1 Structure and Related Properties of Polyvinyl Fluoride 2.3.2.2 Structure and Related Properties of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 2.3.2.3 Structure and Related Properties of Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 2.3.3 Processing of Other Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 2.3.3.1 Processing of Polyvinyl Fluoride 2.3.3.2 Processing of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 2.3.3.3 Processing of Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 2.3.4 Applications for Other Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 2.3.4.1 Applications for Polyvinyl Fluoride 2.3.4.2 Applications for Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 2.3.4.3 Applications for Amorphous Perfluoropolymers References 3 3 Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 3.1 Manufacturing Methods for the Production of Polytetrafluoroethylene Films and Sheets 3.1.1 Skived Polytetrafluoroethylene Films and Sheets 3.1.1.1 Compression Molding 3.1.1.2 Skiving Process 3.1.2 Extruded Unsintered Polytetrafluoroethylene Films and Tapes 3.1.2.1 Extrusion 3.1.2.2 Manufacture of Unsintered Tape 3.1.3 Process for Unsupported Cast Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 3.1.4 Process for Supported Cast Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 3.1.5 Laminates 3.1.5.1 Laminates Based on Cast Films References 4 4 Films from Melt-Processible Fluoropolymers 4.1 Production of FEP Films 4.1.1 Materials 4.1.2 Equipment 4.1.3 Process Conditions 4.2 Production of PFA and MFA Films 4.2.1 Materials 4.2.2 Equipment 4.2.3 Process Conditions 4.3 Production of ETFE Films 4.3.1 Materials 4.3.2 Equipment 4.3.3 Process Conditions 4.4 Production of PVDF Films 4.4.1 Materials 4.4.2 Equipment 4.4.3 Process Conditions 4.5 Production of PCTFE Films 4.5.1 Materials 4.5.2 Equipment 4.5.3 Process Conditions 4.6 Production of ECTFE Films 4.6.1 Materials 4.6.2 Equipment 4.6.3 Process Conditions 4.7 Production of THV Films 4.7.1 Materials 4.7.2 Equipment 4.7.3 Process Conditions 4.8 Production of Films From Other Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers Films 4.8.1 Production of Films From Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 4.8.1.1 Materials 4.8.1.2 Equipment 4.8.1.3 Process Conditions 4.8.2 Production of Films From Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 4.8.2.1 Materials 4.8.2.2 Equipment 4.8.2.3 Process Conditions References 5 5 Films from Polyvinyl Fluoride 5.1 Properties of Polyvinyl Fluoride 5.2 Processing Polyvinyl Fluoride 5.3 Manufacturing of Unoriented Polyvinyl Fluoride Films 5.4 Manufacturing of Oriented Polyvinyl Fluoride Films 5.4.1 Polyvinyl Fluoride Dispersion in the Latent Solvent 5.4.2 Film Extrusion 5.4.3 Biaxial Orientation References 6 6 Secondary Processing of Fluoropolymer Films 6.1 Surface Preparation of Fluoropolymer Films 6.1.1 Corona Treatment of Fluoropolymer Films 6.1.2 Sodium Etching of Fluoropolymer Films 6.1.3 Plasma Treatment of Fluoropolymer Films 6.1.4 Flame Treatment of Fluoropolymer Films 6.2 Lamination of Fluoropolymer Films 6.3 Heat Sealing of Fluoropolymer Films 6.4 Metallization of Fluoropolymer Films 6.5 Orientation of Fluoropolymer Films 6.6 Other Methods for Secondary Processing of Fluoropolymer Films 6.6.1 Laser Marking of Fluoropolymer Films 6.6.2 Laser Cutting of Fluoropolymer Films 6.6.3 Printing on Fluoropolymer Films 6.6.4 Thermoforming of Fluoropolymer Films References 7 7 Testing of Thermoplastic Films 7.1 Standards for Testing of Mechanical Properties 7.2 Standards for Testing of Thermal Properties 7.2.1 Heat Aging 7.2.2 Thermal Stability 7.2.3 Heat Sealability 7.2.4 Shrinkage 7.2.5 Linear Coefficient of Expansion 7.2.6 Continuous Use Temperature 7.2.6.1 Long Cycle Use UL 746B 7.2.6.2 Short Cycle Use UL 746A 7.3 Standards for Testing of Electrical Properties 7.4 Standards for Testing of Barrier Properties 7.5 Standards for Testing of Optical Properties 7.5.1 Refractive Index 7.5.2 Optical Transmission 7.6 Standards for Testing of Chemical Resistance 7.7 Standards for Testing of Surface Properties 7.7.1 Critical Surface Energy 7.7.2 Contact Angle 7.8 Standards for Testing of Thermal Stability 7.9 Standards for Testing of Weatherability 7.9.1 Accelerated Testing Methods 7.9.2 Outdoor Testing Methods References 8 8 Safety, Hygiene, Disposal, Recycling of Fluoropolymer Films 8.1 Safety, Hygiene, and Disposal of Fluoropolymer Films 8.1.1 Toxicology of Fluoroplastics 8.1.2 Thermal Behavior of Fluoroplastics 8.1.3 Medical Applications of Fluoroplastics 8.1.4 Food Contact 8.1.5 Environmental Protection and Disposal Methods for Fluoroplastics 8.2 Recycling of Fluoropolymer Films References 9 9 Polytetrafluoroethylene Films—Typical Properties and Applications 9.1 Skived Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 9.2 Cast Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 9.3 Unsintered Polytetrafluoroethylene Films References 10 10 FEP Films, Typical Properties and Applications References 11 11 Perfluoroalkoxy Resin Films—Typical Properties 11.1 PFA Films 11.2 MFA Films References 12 12 ETFE Films—Typical Properties and Applications References 13 13 PCTFE Films—Typical Properties and Applications Further Reading 14 14 ECTFE Films—Typical Properties and Applications References 15 15 PVDF Films—Typical Properties and Applications References 16 16 THV Films—Typical Properties Reference 17 17 Teflon AF Films—Typical Properties Reference 18 18 DAI-EL T-530 Films—Typical Properties Reference 19 19 Polyvinyl Fluoride Films—Typical Properties and Applications References 20 20 Commercial Grades of Fluoropolymer Films 20.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 20.1.1 Skived Films 20.1.2 Cast Films 20.1.3 Unsintered Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 20.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Films 20.3 Perfluoroalkoxy Polymer Films 20.3.1 Films From PFA Resins 20.3.2 Films From MFA Resins 20.4 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer Films 20.5 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Films 20.6 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer Films 20.7 Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films 20.8 THV Fluoroplastic Films 20.9 Teflon AF Fluoroplastic Films 20.10 Polyvinyl Fluoride Films 20.10.1 Oriented Polyvinyl Fluoride Films 20.10.2 Unoriented Polyvinyl Fluoride Films 20.10.3 Classification of Polyvinyl Fluoride Films References 21 21 Applications for Commercial Fluoropolymer Films 21.1 Applications for Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 21.1.1 Applications for Skived Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 21.1.2 Applications for Cast Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 21.1.3 Applications for Unsintered Polytetrafluoroethylene Films 21.2 Applications for Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Films 21.3 Applications for Perfluoroalkoxy Resin Films 21.3.1 Applications to Perfluoroalkoxy Resin Films 21.3.2 Applications for MFA Films 21.4 Applications for Films from Copolymer of Ethylene and Tetrafluoroethylene 21.5 Applications for Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Films 21.6 Applications for Films from Copolymer of Ethylene and Chlorotrifluoroethylene 21.7 Applications for Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films 21.8 Applications for Films from Terpolymer of Tetrafluoroethylene, HFP and VDF 21.9 Applications for Teflon AF Films 21.10 Applications for Polyvinyl Fluoride Films 21.11 Applications for Fluoropolymer Films by Industries and Activities References 22 Appendix 1: Major Fluoropolymer Film Manufacturers, Suppliers, and Distributors 23 Appendix 2: Trade Names of Common Commercial Fluoropolymers 24 Appendix 3: Acronyms and Abbreviations 25 Appendix 4: Glossary of Terms 26 Appendix 5: Tedlar Film Designation Guide 27 Bibliography 28 Index