Psychology in modules

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Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication About the Authors Contents Preface Time Management Or, How to Be a Great Student and Still Have a Life The Story of Psychology Module 1: What Is Psychology? Psychological Science Is Born Psychological Science Develops Contemporary Psychology Thinking Critically With Psychological Science Module 2: The Need for Psychological Science Did We Know It All Along? Hindsight Bias Overconfidence Perceiving Order in Random Events The Scientific Attitude: Curious, Skeptical, and Humble Critical Thinking Module 3: Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions The Scientific Method Description Correlation Experimentation Psychology’s Research Ethics Module 4: Statistical Reasoning inEveryday Life Describing Data Significant Differences The Biology of Mind Module 5: Neural and Hormonal Systems Biology, Behavior, and Mind Neural Communication The Nervous System The Endocrine System Module 6: Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined Older Brain Structures Module 7: The Cerebral Cortex and Our Divided Brain The Cerebral Cortex Our Divided Brain THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Handedness Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind Module 8: Brain States and Consciousness Defining Consciousness The Biology of Consciousness Selective Attention Module 9: Sleep and Dreams Biological Rhythms and Sleep Why Do We Sleep? Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders Dreams Module 10: Drugs and Consciousness Tolerance and Addiction THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Addiction Types of Psychoactive Drugs Influences on Drug Use Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Module 11: Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences Genes: Our Codes for Life Twin and Adoption Studies Temperament and Heredity Heritability Gene–Environment Interaction THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Prenatal Testing to Predict Future Traits Module 12: Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature Natural Selection and Adaptation Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality Module 13: Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences How Does Experience Influence Development? Cultural Influences Gender Development Reflections on Nature, Nurture, and Their Interaction Developing Through the Life Span Module 14: Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn Developmental Psychology’s Major Issues Prenatal Development and the Newborn Module 15: Infancy and Childhood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Module 16: Adolescence Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Emerging Adulthood Module 17: Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Sensation and Perception Module 18: Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception Transduction Thresholds THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Subliminal Persuasion Sensory Adaptation Perceptual Set Context Effects Motivation and Emotion Module 19: Vision: Sensory andPerceptual Processing Light Energy and Eye Structures Information Processing in the Eye and Brain Perceptual Organization Perceptual Interpretation Module 20: The Nonvisual Senses Hearing The Other Senses THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Hypnosis and Pain Relief Sensory Interaction THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: ESP—Perception Without Sensation? Learning Module 21: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning How Do We Learn? Classical Conditioning Module 22: Operant Conditioning Skinner’s Experiments Skinner’s Legacy Contrasting Classical and Operant Conditioning Module 23: Biology, Cognition, and Learning Biological Constraints on Conditioning Cognition’s Influence on Conditioning Learning by Observation THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Does Viewing Media Violence Trigger Violent Behavior? Memory Module 24: Studying and Encoding Memories Studying Memory Encoding Memories Module 25: Storing and Retrieving Memories Memory Storage Memory Retrieval Module 26: Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory Forgetting Memory Construction Errors THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse? Improving Memory Thinking and Language Module 27: Thinking Concepts Problem Solving: Strategies and Obstacles Forming Good and Bad Decisions and Judgments THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Fear Factor—Why We Fear the Wrong Things Thinking Creatively Do Other Species Share Our Cognitive Skills? Module 28: Language and Thought Language Structure Language Development The Brain and Language Do Other Species Have Language? Thinking and Language Intelligence Module 29: What Is Intelligence? Spearman’s General Intelligence Factor and Thurstone’s Response Theories of Multiple Intelligences Emotional Intelligence Module 30: Assessing Intelligence Early and Modern Tests of Mental Abilities Principles of Test Construction Module 31: The Dynamics of Intelligence Stability or Change? Extremes of Intelligence Module 32: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence Twin and Adoption Studies Environmental Influences Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores The Question of Bias What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement Module 33: Basic Motivational Concepts Instincts and Evolutionary Psychology Drives and Incentives Optimum Arousal A Hierarchy of Motives Module 34: Hunger The Physiology of Hunger The Psychology of Hunger Obesity and Weight Control Module 35: Sexual Motivation The Physiology of Sex The Psychology of Sex Sexual Orientation Sex and Human Values Module 36: Affiliation and Achievement The Need to Belong Achievement Motivation Emotions, Stress, and Health Module 37: Introduction to Emotion Emotion: Arousal, Behavior, and Cognition Embodied Emotion THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Lie Detection Module 38: Expressing Emotion Detecting Emotion in Others Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior Culture and Emotional Expression The Effects of Facial Expressions Module 39: Experiencing Emotion Anger Happiness Module 40: Stress and Illness Stress: Some Basic Concepts Stress and Vulnerability to Disease Module 41: Health and Coping Coping With Stress Reducing Stress Social Psychology Module 42: Social Thinking The Fundamental Attribution Error Attitudes and Actions Module 43: Social Influence Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures Obedience: Following Orders Group Behavior Module 44: Antisocial Relations Prejudice Aggression Module 45: Prosocial Relations Attraction Altruism Peacemaking Personality Module 46: Introduction to Personality and Psychodynamic Theories What Is Personality? Psychodynamic Theories Module 47: Humanistic Theories and Trait Theories Humanistic Theories Trait Theories THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Stigma of Introversion Module 48: Social-CognitiveTheories and the Self Social-Cognitive Theories Exploring the Self Psychological Disorders Module 49: Introduction to Psychological Disorders Defining Psychological Disorders Understanding Psychological Disorders Classifying Disorders—and Labeling People THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: ADHD—Normal High Energy or Disordered Behavior? THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Are People With Psychological Disorders Dangerous? Rates of Psychological Disorders Module 50: Anxiety Disorders, OCD,and PTSD Anxiety Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD Module 51: Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar Disorder Understanding Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder Module 52: Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia Onset and Development of Schizophrenia Understanding Schizophrenia Module 53: Dissociative, Personality, and Eating Disorders Dissociative Disorders Personality Disorders Eating Disorders Therapy Module 54: Introduction to Therapy and the Psychological Therapies Treating Psychological Disorders Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies Humanistic Therapies Behavior Therapies Cognitive Therapies Group and Family Therapies Module 55: Evaluating Psychotherapies Is Psychotherapy Effective? Which Psychotherapies Work Best? Evaluating Alternative Therapies How Do Psychotherapies Help People? Culture and Values in Psychotherapy Module 56: Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders Drug Therapies Brain Stimulation Psychosurgery Therapeutic Lifestyle Change Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience Appendix A: Psychology at Work Appendix B: Subfields of Psychology, by Jennifer Zwolinski Appendix C: Complete Module Reviews Appendix D: Answers to Test Yourself Questions Glossary References Name Index Subject Index Back Cover Copyright Title Page Dedication Contents Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you? Chapter 2: Renegade perception Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’ Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit Chapter 7: War on your mind Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it? Chapter 10: Human 2.0 Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult? Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko Postscript Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation Bibliography Index Copyright Title Page Dedication Contents Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you? Chapter 2: Renegade perception Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’ Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit Chapter 7: War on your mind Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it? Chapter 10: Human 2.0 Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult? Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko Postscript Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation Bibliography Index