Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles

Description

Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles provides an organized, pedagogical study of multiphase flows with particles and droplets. This revised edition presents new information on particle interactions, particle collisions, thermophoresis and Brownian movement, computational techniques and codes, and the treatment of irregularly shaped particles. An entire chapter is devoted to the flow of nanoparticles and applications of nanofluids. Features Discusses the modelling and analysis of nanoparticles. Covers all fundamental aspects of particle and droplet flows. Includes heat and mass transfer processes. Features new and updated sections throughout the text. Includes chapter exercises and a Solutions Manual for adopting instructors. Designed to complement a graduate course in multiphase flows, the book can also serve as a supplement in short courses for engineers or as a stand-alone reference for engineers and scientists who work in this area. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Nomenclature Foreword About the Authors Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Industrial Applications 1.1.1 Spray Drying 1.1.2 Materials Transport Systems 1.1.2.1 Pneumatic Transport 1.1.3 Slurry Transport 1.1.4 Manufacturing and Material Processing 1.1.4.1 Spray Forming 1.1.4.2 Plasma Spray Coating 1.1.4.3 Abrasive Water-Jet Cutting 1.1.4.4 Synthesis of Nanophase Materials 1.2 Energy Conversion and Propulsion 1.2.1 Pulverized-Coal-Fired Furnaces 1.2.2 Fluidized Beds 1.2.3 Solid Propellant Rockets 1.3 Environmental Applications 1.3.1 Pollution Control 1.3.1.1 Cyclone Separators 1.3.1.2 Electrostatic Precipitators 1.3.1.3 Scrubbers 1.3.2 Fire Suppression and Control 1.4 Bio-Medical Applications 1.4.1 Dry Powder Inhalers 1.4.2 Airway Deposition 1.5 Summary and Objectives of This Book References Chapter 2 Properties of Dispersed Phase Flows 2.1 The Continuum Hypothesis 2.2 Density and Volume Fraction of Dispersed Flows 2.3 Inter-Particle Distance—Dilute and Dense Flows 2.4 Response Times, the Stokes Number, Collisions 2.4.1 The Stokes Number 2.4.2 Dilute Flows and Dense Flows 2.5 Thermodynamic and Transport Properties 2.6 Phase Interactions—Coupling 2.6.1 Mass Coupling 2.6.2 Momentum Coupling 2.6.3 Energy Coupling Summary Note References Problems Chapter 3 Distributions and Statistics of Particles and Droplets 3.1 The “Size” of Particles 3.1.1 Fractal Dimension 3.2 Discrete Size Distributions 3.2.1 Frequency Distribution 3.2.2 Cumulative Distribution 3.3 Continuous Size Distributions 3.4 Statistical Parameters 3.4.1 Mode, Mean, and Median 3.4.2 Variance and Standard Deviation 3.5 Analytical Size Distributions 3.5.1 Log-Normal Distribution 3.5.2 Upper-Limit Log-Normal Distribution 3.5.3 Square-Root Normal Distribution 3.5.4 Rosin-Rammler Distribution 3.5.5 Nukiyama-Tanasawa Distribution 3.5.6 Log-Hyperbolic Distribution Summary References Problems Chapter 4 Forces on Single Particles and Drops 4.1 Steady Drag on Spherical Particles and Drops 4.1.1 Drag at Very Small Reynolds Numbers—Creeping or Stokes Flow 4.1.2 Steady Drag on Spherical at Finite Reynolds Numbers 4.1.2.1 The Flow Field Around the Solid Sphere 4.1.2.2 Steady Drag on Solid Spheres 4.1.2.3 Steady Drag on Liquid Spheres 4.1.2.4 The Drag Factor, f 4.1.3 Steady Drag with Velocity Slip at the Interface 4.2 Compressibility and Rarefaction Effects 4.2.1 The Cunningham Correction Factor 4.2.2 Effects of the Mach Number 4.3 Non-Spherical Particles 4.3.1 Particles of Regular Shapes 4.3.2 Particles with Irregular Shapes 4.3.3 The Stokes or Hydrodynamic Diameter 4.4 Effects of Flow Turbulence 4.5 Blowing Effects 4.6 Transverse (Lift) Forces Due to Particle Rotation and Flow Shear 4.6.1 The Magnus Force 4.6.2 The Saffman Force 4.7 Effects of Solid Boundaries 4.7.1 Effect of Enclosures 4.7.2 Effect of Solid Boundaries 4.8 Electrical Forces 4.8.1 The Zeta Potential 4.8.2 Electrophoresis 4.9 Body Forces 4.9.1 Terminal Velocity 4.9.2 Centrifuging 4.10 Brownian Movement 4.10.1 Brownian Diffusion 4.10.2 Thermophoresis 4.11 Transient Drag-Added Mass and History (Basset) Force 4.11.1 Creeping (Stokes) Flow (Rer