Fundamentals of Telemedicine and Telehealth

Description

Fundamentals of Telemedicine and Telehealth provides an overview on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to solve health problems, especially for people living in remote and underserviced areas. With the advent of new technologies and improvement of internet connectivity, telehealth has become a new subject requiring a new understanding of IT devices and how to utilize them to fulfill health needs. The book discusses topics such as digitizing patient information, technology requirements, existing resources, planning for telehealth projects, and primary care and specialized applications. Additionally, it discusses the use of telemedicine for patient empowerment and telecare in remote locations. Authored by IMIA Telehealth working group, this book is a valuable source for graduate students, healthcare workers, researchers and clinicians interested in using telehealth as part of their practice or research. Presents components of healthcare that can be benefitted from remote access and when to rely on themExplains the current technologies and tools and how to put them to effective use in daily healthcareProvides legal provisions for telehealth implementation, discussing the risks of remote healthcare provision and cross border care Cover FUNDAMENTALS OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELEHEALTH Copyright List of Contributors Acknowledgments Section I: Telecare basics 1 Overview In conclusion 2 Rationale, history, and basics of telehealth Definitions History of telemedicine and telehealth The current situation Situations where telehealth has a role Types of telecare The rationale behind telehealth (why) Some issues The process (how) Telehealth services are reshaping healthcare 3 Management of patient healthcare information Healthcare-related information flow, access, and availability Introduction Definitions of EMR and EHR Features and functionalities of the EHR Ambulatory or outpatient EHR Inpatient EHR Application of EHRs in telehealth Data entry Acquiring and utilizing nontextual data—images, sound, and more Images Recording images Digitization of X-rays Sound Alerts and triggers Healthcare data analytics Population and public health Data-driven decision-making Clinical decision support system Data analytics in the context of telehealth The importance of standardization e Analytics approaches User-web analytics 4 Technology considerations Overview: Infrastructure requirement Bringing it altogether is challenging Some solutions and devices How to ensure effective communication Introduction Video conferencing (VC) Example of video-conference system for emergency care Standards and certification Messaging and data exchange standards Terminology standards Document standards Coordination, harmonization, and convergence of standards Integrating the healthcare enterprise—IHE Emerging interoperability standards HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources—FHIR Standard development organizations International Standards Organisation (ISO)/TC 215 health informatics Section II: Working together for health 5 Platforms for collaborative process Introduction: Patients as partners in care Emergent models of care: From paternalistic models and transaction to participatory care Emails and discussion forums Social media and networking for distance-based care Telehealth platforms Teleconsultation and telemonitoring Telediagnosis Teletracking Telehealth services and software platforms Computer assisted care Currently available AI systems Conclusion 6 Patient-centered care Introduction eHealth in patient engagement Patient portal 7 Maintaining and sustaining a telehealth-based ecosystem What is a telehealth-based ecosystem? Role of telehealth in health system strengthening Roles and responsibilities in a telehealth system Project management Program management Site coordination Clinical oversight and referral Clinical service provision Technical support Key considerations in staffing a telehealth program Project management in telehealth Creating workflows and standard operating procedures (SOPs) Planning a project Appointment roster Telehealth project example (prepared for budgeting and account keeping) (taken from an anonymous state government tender) Backup systems Analytics Basic concepts 8 Tele-education Introduction Distance education in the context of professional work in health Introduction Myths, advantages, and disadvantages in distance education Hybrid teaching Teacher and student training The health area Digital health workforce: de novo skill set Training requirements of a digital health assistant (see Box 1) Learning objectives Use and utility of virtual teaching in education Methods of education and the usage of VT Requirements for a virtual teaching platform (VTP) A case study of e-teaching in cardiology from India Conclusion Section III: Telemedicine 9 Telesupport for the primary care practitioner Introduction Telemedicine in primary healthcare Support to primary care providers Referral of patients to specialty care Why are doctors reluctant to adopt telehealth Doctors are (slowly) adopting telemedicine Limitations of teleconsultations from a doctors’ perspective Facilitating doctors’ adoption of teleconsultation Telemedicine for community healthcare workers Purpose of care support Fast diagnostics Adherence Ensuring health equity Tele support for nurse practitioners Introduction to primary healthcare nurse practitioner role Communication in primary care: Telehealth a better solution Nurse lead telehealth primary nursing practice development: A new care model 202 Primary health nursing care scenarios: How to plan telehealth intervention? Way forward to establish telehealth nursing services at country level Tele support for wounds, ulcers, and lymphedema 10 Telecare within different specialties Introduction Teleradiology Overview Concepts and applications DICOM versus Non-DICOM Secondary capture Image transmission Speed Security Availability and integrity Image management, viewers, and workflow Emergency applications Teleradiology optimizes radiologist efficiency and diminishes healthcare costs Teleradiology services to remote areas Quality and regulation Current and future trends Telepathology Overview Concepts and applications Telepathology technologies Current and future trends Teleophthalmology History Concepts and applications Key essential enablers Case study 1 147 Vision center concept and definition Operational landmarks Case study 2 Conclusion Teledermatology Overview Concepts and applications Current and future trends Telecardiology Overview Concepts and applications Digital stethoscope Teleechocardiography Tele-ECG Teleconsultation Teleteaching in cardiology Current and future trends Teleobstetrics/prenatal telemedicine service Overview Concepts Applications Global experiences in gestational telemonitoring Current and future trends Telecare in geriatrics Overview Applications Teleoncology Overview Concepts and applications Current and future trends Teleneurology Overview Concepts and applications Teleneurocritical care Outpatient teleneurology Continuing medical education and research Future trends Telediabetes Concepts and applications Current and futures trends Telepsychiatry and telemental health Overview Concepts and applications Current and future trends Telesurgery Overview Concepts and applications Preoperative preparation Operative procedure Postoperative care Training of a surgeon Video-based learning Computer-based simulation Telementoring of procedures Regulation and future trends Teleotorhinolaryngology Overview Clinical applications Future trends Teledentistry Overview Concepts and applications Future trends Teleemergency service Preamble Concepts and applications Current and future trends Tele-ICU Overview Tele-ICU models Tele-ICU logistics and resources Challenges Impact and future trends Teledialysis Telerehabilitation Overview Concepts and applications Disability and rehabilitation Problem statement Applying telerehabilitation Diagnosis Physiatric prescription Treatment and monitoring Assistive devices Referral Community-based rehabilitation 11 Telecare during travel and for special situations Introduction Maritime telemedicine TMAS Radio Medico Norway Telemedicine in commercial aviation Incidence The influence of space medicine The change Limitations of telemedicine in aviation Legal issues Arctic telemedicine Telemedicine for prison populations Background Telemedicine Mental health Substance abuse Communicable diseases Emergency care Conclusion Medical tourism In summary Introduction Reasons for growth of medical tourism Pros and cons of medical tourism Medical tourism stakeholders Telehealth/telemedicine and medical tourism Conclusions Telehealth in disasters In summary 12 Mobile health (mHealth) Introduction Benefits of mHealth Drawbacks and issues Hot areas of research mHealth in supporting health workers Developing apps for mobile devices Smart mobile devices Native apps versus HTML5 apps Developing native apps Developing HTML5 apps Summary Persuasive technology and mHealth mHealth evaluation The challenge of mHealth evaluation: Merging two independent environments The added needs of mHealth evaluation Racing against the clock to evaluate mHealth Section IV: Issues and future of telehealth 13 Medicolegal, ethical, and regulatory guidelines pertaining to telehealth Telemedicine law Medical ethics and telemedicine The doctor-patient relationship Licensure Jurisdiction Quality and standard of care Consent Confidentiality and privacy Authentication The ethics of telemedicine 14 Disruptive technologies: Present and future Introduction Telehomecare Overview Concepts and applications Impact and future trends Tele-robotics in healthcare including in surgery Neurosurgery Safety aspects Artificial intelligence and IoT in healthcare What is AI? AI’s history and evolution What is deep learning Why the hype? Applications of AI in healthcare IoT? Applications of IoT in healthcare Challenges in AI and IoT Virtual reality in health Blockchain Big data 15 Worldwide initiatives Australian experience Telehealth in Brazil Telemedicine/telehealth in Canada India case study Telemedicine in Africa Scope of telemedicine and mobile health networks Conclusions Summary of learnings A final word Glossary References Index A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Back Cover