Textbook of Histology and Practical Guide (HB)

Description

Textbook of histology and practical guide (hb) Cover Front matter Copyright Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition Acknowledgements CONTENTS Chapter 1 - Histological Techniques and Microscopy Introduction General Architecture of the Body Units of Measurement Used in Histology For Light Microscopy For Electron Microscopy Interpretation of a Section Processing of Tissues for Light Microscopy (Paraffin Wax Embedding) Fixation and Fixatives Dehydration Clearing Embedding Section Cutting (Microtomy) Staining Procedure Deparaffinization Hydration Staining Dehydration Clearing and Mounting Microscopy Basic Principles of some special Microscopes Dark Ground (Dark Field) Microscope Phase-contrast Microscope Polarizing Microscope Electron Microscopes Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) Chapter 2 - EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE SURFACE (OR) LINING EPITHELIUM GENERAL FEATURES INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS (JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES) SURFACE MODIFICATIONS OF EPITHELIAL CELLS CLASSIFICATION OF LINING EPITHELIUM SOME BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA OF THE CELL Epithelial Tissue I: Simple Epithelium Epithelial Tissue II: Stratifi ed Epithelium Chapter 3 - Glands General Features Development (Fig. 3.1) Classification of Glands General Architecture of a Compound Gland Chapter 4 - Connective Tissue General Features Classification of Connective Tissue (Based on Structure and Function) Ordinary Connective Tissue Composition of Connective Tissue Cells Fibres Ground Substance Functions Adipose Tissue General Features Functions Types Chapter 5 - Cartilage General Features Components Chondrocytes (Fig. 5.1) Fibres Ground Substance Types Functions Chapter 6 - Bone General Features Types of Bone Bone Membranes Bone Composition Decalcification Calcination Structure of Compact Bone Circumferential System (Fig. 6.2) Haversian System or Osteon (Fig. 6.3; Boxes 6.1 and 6.2) Interstitial System Structure of Spongy or Cancellous Bone (Box 6.3) Bone Formation/Ossification Intramembranous Ossification Endochondral Ossification Role of Vitamins in Bone Formation Role of Hormones in Bone Formation Chapter 7 - Lymphoid Tissue Introduction Immunoglobulins Cells of the Immune System Classification of Lymphoid Tissue General Architecture of Lymphoid Organs Thymus General Features Components/Structure Supporting Framework Capsule and Interlobular Septae Cellular Cytoplasmic Reticulum/Epithelial Reticular Cells Lobules or Parenchyma Cortex Medulla and Hassall's Corpuscle Characteristic Features Functions Lymph Node General Features Components/Structure Connective Tissue Framework (Box 7.2; Fig. 7.3) Capsule and Trabeculae Reticular Stroma Parenchyma (Fig. 7.3) Cortex Paracortex Medulla Flow of Lymph through Lymph Node Functions Spleen General Features Components/Structure (Box 7.3) Connective Tissue Framework Capsule Trabeculae Reticular Stroma Parenchyma White Pulp (Box 7.3) Red Pulp (Fig. 7.4) Theories of Splenic Circulation Closed Circulation Theory Open Circulation Theory Functions Palatine Tonsil Chapter 8 - Muscular Tissue Introduction Types Skeletal Muscle General Features General Architecture Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Fibre Light Microscopic (LM) Observation Structure of a Myofibril under Electron Microscope (EM) Arrangement of Myofilaments in the Sarcomere (Fig. 8.4) Contraction Mechanism Transverse Tubule â•fi Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Complex Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibres Motor End-plates (Box 8.2) Muscle Spindles Smooth Muscle (Box 8.3) Cardiac Muscle (Box 8.4) Demonstration of Special Slides Chapter 9 - Nervous Tissue Introduction Anatomical Classification of Nervous System Classification of Neurons Structure of a Neuron (Multipolar) Cell body/Soma/Perikaryon (5â•fi150μm): Dendrites Axon Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons Peripheral Nerve Ganglia Neuroglia (in CNS) Cerebral Cortex General Features Types of Nerve Cells Structure Cerebellar Cortex General Features Structure Chapter 10 - Blood Vessels Introduction Types of Blood Vessels Structure Arteries General Features Structure Arteriole General Features Structure Capillaries General Features Structure Functions of Capillary Endothelium Venule General Features Structure Veins General Features Structure Chapter 11 - Integumentary System Introduction Functions of Skin Types of Skin Structure Epidermis Layers of Epidermis (Fig. 11.2) Cells of Epidermis Dermis Glands of Skin Sebaceous Gland Sweat Gland or Sudoriferous Gland Other Modified Glands of Skin Appendages of Skin Hair Structure of Hair Structure of Hair Follicle Some Interesting Facts about Hair Nail Skin Receptors Nonencapsulated Receptors Encapsulated Receptors Chapter 12 - Digestive System Introduction Oral Cavity General Features Structure of Oral Mucosa Masticatory Mucosa Lining Mucosa Specialized Mucosa Lips Gingiva Teeth Histological Structure of a Tooth Hard Tissues (Box 12.2; Fig. 12.3) Dentine Enamel Cementum Soft Tissues (Figs 12.2 and 12.3) Dentinal Pulp Periodontal Ligament Tongue Taste Buds Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) General Plan of Gastrointestinal Tract Oesophagus General Features Structure (Box 12.6) Stomach General Features Structure Salient Features of Each Region of Stomach Cardia Fundus and Body (Fig. 12.8) Pylorus Small Intestine General Features Structure Salient Microscopic Features of Each Region of Small Intestine Duodenum (Box 12.9) Jejunum (Box 12.10) Ileum (Box 12.11) Large Intestine General Features Structure Salient Features of Each Region of Large Intestine Vermiform Appendix (Box 12.12) Caecum and Colon (Box 12.13) Rectum Anal Canal Glands Associated With Digestive System Salivary Glands General Features Structure Parotid Salivary Gland (Box 12.14) Submandibular Salivary Gland (Box 12.15) Sublingual Salivary Gland (Box 12.16) Liver General Features Structure Liver Lobule (Box 12.17 and Fig. 12.14) Hepatocytes (Fig 12.16) Portal Lobule Hepatic Acinus Regeneration of Liver Pancreas General Features Structure Exocrine Pancreas (Box 12.18) Endocrine Pancreas (Box 12.18) Gall Bladder General Features Structure (Box 12.19) Chapter 13 - Urinary System Introduction Kidney General Features Macroscopic Features Lobes and Lobules Renal Circulation Microscopic Structure Nephron Renal Corpuscle (Malpighian Corpuscle; Fig.13.2) Proximal Convoluted Tubule (Box 13.1; Fig.13.5) Loop of Henle (Fig.13.5) Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting Tubule and Collecting Duct (Fig.13.5; Box 13.2) Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) Mode of Action of JGA Ureter General Features Structure Urinary Bladder General Features Structure Urethra Female Urethra Chapter 14 - Male Reproductive System Introduction Testis General Architecture of Testis Seminiferous Tubules Spermatogenic Cells Sertoli Cells Functions Interstitial Tissue and Leydig Cells Genital Ducts Epididymis Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens) Ejaculatory Duct Accessory Sex Glands Seminal Vesicle Prostate Bulbourethral Gland Penis Gross Features Microscopic Structure Chapter 15 - Female Reproductive System Introduction Ovary General Features Structure Development of Ovarian Follicle Uterine Tube (Fallopian Tube) General Features Structure Uterus General Features Structure Cyclic Changes in the Endometrium Cervix of Uterus Vagina General Features Structure Mammary Gland (Breast) General Features Gross Structure Histological Structure Placenta General Features Structure (Box 15.9) Umbilical Cord General Features Structure Chapter 16 - Respiratory System Introduction General Structure of the Conducting Portion of the Respiratory Tract Structural Changes in the Conducting Portion of the Respiratory Tract (from Larynx to Bronchiole) Nasal Cavity General Features Structure pharynx General Features Structure larynx General Features Structure Trachea General Features Structure Principal Bronchus Lungs: Intrapulmonary Bronchus and Its Subdivisions and Lung Parenchyma General Features Structure Chapter 17 - Endocrine Glands Introduction Pituitary (Hypophysis Cerebri) General Features Development Subdivisions of Pituitary (Fig. 17.1) Blood Supply (Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Portal System) Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis Thyroid General Features Development Structure Stroma Parenchyma (Thyroid Follicles) Synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones Effect of Thyroid Hormones Parathyroid General Features Development Structure Adrenal (Suprarenal) General Features Development Blood Supply Structure Adrenal Cortex (Box 17.4) Characteristics of Zones of Adrenal Cortex (Fig. 17.4) Adrenal Medulla (Fig. 17.6; Box 17.4) Pineal Body (Epiphysis) General Features Structure Functions Chapter 18 - Special Senses Introduction Eye General Features Structure Coats of the Eyeball (Box 18.1) Outer Fibrous Coat/Sclerocorneal Layer Sclera Cornea Sclerocorneal Junction/Limbus (Box 18.3) Middle Vascular Pigmented Coat/Uveal Tract Choroid Ciliary Body Iris Inner Photosensitive Coat/Retina Microscopic Structure of Retina (Box 18.4) Refractive Media of Eyeball Accessory Structures of Eye Eyelid (Box 18.5) Lacrimal Gland (Box 18.6) Ear General Features Structure External Ear Middle Ear Internal Ear Bony Labyrinth Membranous Labyrinth SOME IMPORTANTCELLS: THEIRLOCATION, FEATURESAND FUNCTIONS INDEX Uploaded by [StormRG]