Developmentalism: The Normative and Transformative within Capitalism

Description

Why do so few countries achieve development success? Achieving development requires many changes over a short period of time, generating instability and risk. It is a deep and integrated economy of change involving force, strategic thinking, and ideological conviction - it emerges when successful development is seen as necessary for the survival of a political order. Developmentalism engages with the moral issues that this raises. Developmentalism: The Normative and Transformative within Capitalism uses a historical comparative approach to understand development as a transformation which involves a deep and integrated political economy of change - a shift from a state of 'capital-ascendance' to 'capital dominance'. It is only through a transformation towards capital dominance that mass poverty reduction and the construction of a commonwealth are possible. However, capitalist development is extremely difficult and requires a highly exacting political endeavour. The politics of development is conceptualized as developmentalism: a strategy and ideology in which governments exercise heavy directive power, endure instability and crisis, and secure a rudimentary legitimacy for their efforts. This book argues that developmentalism requires a conflation of successful capitalist transformation with some form of existential insecurity of the state itself. It flourishes when capitalist transformation connects to profound questions of sovereignty, statehood, nation-building, and elite survival. Developmentalism shows deep contextualisation of capitalist transformation as well as the massive improvements in material life that it has generated. Cover Developmentalism Copyright Contents Acknowledgements SECTION 1 DEVELOPMENTALISM AS A POLITICAL THEORY OF TRANSFORMATION 1 Introduction Tanzania 2090 The G25+ Tanzania 2020 Two Cheers for Development Pain and Gain A Commonwealth Understanding Tanzania’s Failure Introducing Developmentalism The Politics of Development Developmentalism as the Existential Politics of the State The Basic Legitimacy of Development Class, Power, and Accumulation 2 Capitalist Development Introduction Phenomenal Progress and Structure Critical Realism Historiographies of Development Origins and Transformations Conditioners and Drivers: Capitalist Development Capitalism Dominant Driving Capitalist Development Marxism and Development Theory Dependency Theory Modes of Production Classical’ Marxism Primitive Accumulation The Constitutive Violence of Capitalism Coercion, Capital, and the State Historiographies of Capitalist Development Conclusion 3 Capabilities and the Limitsof Liberal Development Introduction Framing Development as Capabilities Capabilities and Development Research The Capability Norm Losing Sight of Capitalist Development The Pitfalls of Inclusiveness Methodological Individualism Capabilities, Agency, and Development Development and Structural Change Structure as Context Capabilities and Capitalism Conclusion 4 Realism, Values, and Development Introduction Rights and Development Normative Political Theory Deontology and Development Valuing Institutions Ideal Rights Theory and Development: A Partial Match Consequentialism and Realism Political Realism and Human Rights Rights and Legitimacy Rights, Disenchanted Political and Critical Realism Realism’s Weak Materialism Materializing Legitimacy Developmentalism and Realism Coercive Governance Section Summary SECTION 2 CASE STUDIES 5 Britain Introduction Capitalism in the Countryside Consolidating Landlordism Enclosure, Tenancy, and Profit Capitalist Industrialization The Slow and Uncertain Rise of Industry (1700–1780) Capital Ascendant: Industrial Transformation (1780 to the mid-1800s) Capital Dominant Governing Capitalist Ascendance The Law The Fiscal–Military State The Imperial State Empire and Capitalist Development The Eighteenth Century The Nineteenth Century Developmentalism Labour, Struggle, and Commonwealth Emergence of the Developmentalist Episteme Conclusion 6 America Introduction Colony, Settler State, Nation American Developmentalism Colonial America The South The North Independence Ante Bellum The Growing Plantation System The Rise of a Northern Elite Civil War and Post-Bellum Reconstruction Civil War The Rise of Agrarian Capitalism Reconstruction After Reconstruction (1880–1920s) National Development Commonwealth New Mobilizations Crisis Capitalist Transformation and Material Well-being Welfare Provision Conclusion: The Beginnings of (Comparative) Development Primitive Accumulation Nation-Building Capital Advocacy Legitimacy and Commonwealth 7 The Post-Imperial Era and Japan From Capitalist Growth to Development The Colonial Origins of Modern Development The Rise of Development as Sovereignty International Development Developmentalism in Imperial Decline Urgency Rivalry and Insecurity Nationalism and Nation-Building Japan Preliminaries The Origins of Developmentalism Reconstruction Miracle Conclusion 8 Taiwan and Israel Introduction Taiwan Colonialism Independence and Economic Growth Transformative Growth Existential Threat Israel Achieving Statehood: Nation/Economy/Security 1948–1973: Corporatism/Industrialization/Nation-Building 1973 to the mid-1990s: Transformative Failure 1990s Onwards: Transformation Conclusion 9 Rwanda and China Introduction Rwanda Historical Context An Agrarian State From Reconstruction to Agrarian Transformation Developmentalism Developmentalism in Rwanda China The Late Nineteenth to Mid-Twentieth Century: Conflict in the Absence of a State 1945–1958: Nation-Building and Modernization The Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, and their Aftermath Reorientation: 1978 to the mid-1990s China’s Transformative Development: The Early 2000s Conclusion 10 Conclusion Recap The World of Capitalist Development: From the Miraculous to the Profane Developmentalism’s Normativity Evaluating Practices of Development Rights, Social Mobilization, and Agency Towards Value Pluralism The Future Bibliography Index