Congress on Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of CIS 2021, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, 111)

Description

This book is a collection of selected papers presented at the Second Congress on Intelligent Systems (CIS 2021), organized by Soft Computing Research Society and CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India during September 4 – 5, 2021. It includes novel and innovative work from experts, practitioners, scientists and decision-makers from academia and industry. It covers topics such as Internet of Things, information security, embedded systems, real-time systems, cloud computing, big data analysis, quantum computing, automation systems, bio-inspired intelligence, cognitive systems, cyber physical systems, data analytics, data/web mining, data science, intelligence for security, intelligent decision making systems, intelligent information processing, intelligent transportation, artificial intelligence for machine vision, imaging sensors technology, image segmentation, convolutional neural network, image/video classification, soft computing for machine vision, pattern recognition, human computer interaction, robotic devices and systems, autonomous vehicles, intelligent control systems, human motor control, game playing, evolutionary algorithms, swarm optimization, neural network, deep learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, fuzzy logic, rough sets, computational optimization, and neuro fuzzy systems. Preface Contents About the Editors A Comprehensive Survey on Machine Reading Comprehension: Models, Benchmarked Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Trends 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Machine Reading Comprehension Tasks 2.2 Types of Machine Reading Comprehension Questions 2.3 Latest Trends on Machine Reading Comprehension 3 MRC Architecture, Modules, and Baseline Models 3.1 Word Embedding 3.2 Feature Extraction 3.3 Context–Question Interaction 3.4 Answer Prediction 4 Performance Evaluation Metrics 4.1 Accuracy 4.2 Exact Match 4.3 Precision and Recall 4.4 F1 Score (F Score or F Measure) 4.5 Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) 4.6 Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) 4.7 Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering (METEOR) 4.8 Human Equivalence Score (HEQ) 5 Summary and Conclusion References A Novel Feature Descriptor: Color Texture Description with Diagonal Local Binary Patterns Using New Distance Metric for Image Retrieval 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 2.1 Diagonal Local Binary Pattern for Color Image 3 Similarity Measures 3.1 Proposed New Distance Metric 4 Analysis and Result 4.1 Performance and Measures 4.2 Datasets 4.3 Obtained Results 5 Conclusion References OntoINT: A Framework for Ontology Integration Based on Entity Linking from Heterogeneous Knowledge Sources 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed System Architecture 4 Implementation and Performance Evaluation 5 Conclusions References KnowCommerce: A Semantic Web Compliant Knowledge-driven Paradigm for Product Recommendation in E-commerce 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed System Architecture 4 Implementation 5 Performance Evaluation and Results 6 Conclusion References Removal of Occlusion in Face Images Using PIX2PIX Technique for Face Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Research Methodology 3.1 GAN and Pix2pix 3.2 Proposed Architecture 4 Experiments 4.1 Case 1: Training with Occluded Images in the Dataset 4.2 Case 2: Training with Images by Creating an Occlusion 4.3 Case 3: Training With Images by Creating an Occlusion with Discriminative Receptive Field of 64 × 64 5 Conclusion References Age, Gender and Emotion Estimation Using Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Image or Data-Set Collection 3.2 Function to Encode the Labels 3.3 Resizing and Preprocessing the Data 3.4 Extracting and Integrating the Features 3.5 Training and Testing 3.6 Output 4 Experiment and Results 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Qualitative Classification of Wheat Grains Using Supervised Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Segmentation 3.2 Feature Extraction 3.3 Classification Using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) 4 Results 4.1 Dataset Description 4.2 Experimental Results 4.3 Performance Analysis 4.4 Comparative Analysis 5 Conclusion References Pandemic Simulation and Contact Tracing: Identifying Super Spreaders 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Method: Pandemic Simulation and Contact Tracing: Identifying Super Spreaders 3.1 Initial Dataset Generation 3.2 Simulation 3.3 Visualising Data 3.4 Identification of Super Spreaders 4 Experimental Results 5 Experimental Results and Analysis 6 Future Scope 7 Conclusion References Assessment of Attribution in Cyber Deterrence: A Fuzzy Entropy Approach 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Cyber Deterrence 2.2 Cyber Attribution 3 A Mathematical Model 3.1 Numerical Example 4 Conclusion References Predictive Maintenance of Bearing Machinery Using MATLAB 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance 1.2 Motivation and Significant Statistics 1.3 Research Challenges/Gaps 1.4 Proposed Solution 1.5 Terms and Terminologies 1.6 Paper Structure 2 Related Work 2.1 Background 2.2 Current State of Art 2.3 Literature Review 3 Dataset 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Organization 3.3 Exploratory Data Analysis 3.4 Data Features [21] 3.5 Data Pre-processing 4 Proposed Methodology 4.1 Architecture 4.2 Technical Details 4.3 Algorithms and Equations 4.4 Pseudocode 4.5 Methodology Steps 5 Results and Analysis 5.1 Results Organization 5.2 Figures 5.3 Graphs 5.4 Performance Metrics Evaluations 6 Challenges 7 Conclusion 7.1 Future Work References Fuzzy Keyword Search Over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing: An Extensive Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Contribution of the Work 1.2 Organization of the Work 2 Background 2.1 Literature Survey 3 Industry Case Study 3.1 Technical Reports 3.2 Real-Time Scenarios 4 Fuzzy-Based Modified Keyword Search Model 4.1 Detailed Architecture 5 Conclusion and Future Work 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Future Work References Application of Data Mining and Temporal Data Mining Techniques: A Case Study of Medicine Classification 1 Introduction 2 K‐Means Clustering 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Deep Learning Approach for Plagiarism Detection System Using BERT 1 Introduction 1.1 NLP and Machine Learning 1.2 Machine Learning and Word Embedding 1.3 NLP and Plagiarism 1.4 Organization of Paper 2 Related Work 3 Approaches to Plagiarism Detection 4 Plagiarism Detection Methods 5 Word Embeddings and Plagiarism Detection 6 Experimental Results 6.1 Experimental Setup 6.2 Data Pre-processing 6.3 Dataset Preparation 6.4 Methodology 6.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion and Future Scope References A Multi-attribute Decision Approach in Triangular Fuzzy Environment Under TOPSIS Method for All-rounder Cricket Player Selection 1 Introduction 2 Basic Definitions 3 Proposed Fuzzy TOPSIS Algorithm 3.1 A Case Study 3.2 Sensitivity Analysis 4 Conclusion References Machine Learning Techniques on Disease Detection and Prediction Using the Hepatic and Lipid Profile Panel Data 1 Introduction 1.1 Liver-related Diseases and Conditions 1.2 Lipid Metabolism Disorders and Conditions 1.3 Derangement of Enzyme Levels in Diabetes 2 Related Works 2.1 Analysis of State-of-the-art Techniques in Liver Disease Detection and Prediction Using LFT Data 2.2 Existing Machine Learning Techniques in Lipid Metabolism Disorders Detection and Prediction Using LPP Data as a Risk Factor 2.3 Literature Review for Occurrence of Abnormal Liver Function Tests in Diabetes Mellitus 2.4 Literature Review for Incidence of Abnormal Lipid Levels in Diabetes Mellitus 3 Comparative Review of Various Machine Learning Algorithms Using LFT and LPP for Diagnosing and Predicting Diseases 3.1 Discussion 4 Research Gaps 5 Pragmatic Implications and Recommendations 6 Contribution 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Website Anti-phishing 1 Introduction 2 Supervised Machine Learning Methods for Anti-phishing 3 Decision Tree Algorithm for Anti-phishing 4 Random Forest for Anti-phishing 5 Support Vector Machine Algorithm for Anti-phishing 6 Logistic Regression for Anti-phishing 7 Results and Discussion 8 Conclusion References Analytical Analysis of Two-Warehouse Inventory Model Using Particle Swarm Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Literature Reviews 3 Presumption and Documentations 3.1 Assumption 4 Mathematical Formulation of Model and Analysis 5 Particle Swarm Optimization 6 Numerical Analysis 7 Conclusions References Towards an Enhanced Framework to Facilitate Data Security in Cloud Computing 1 Introduction 2 Cloud Computing Overview 2.1 Cloud Service Models 2.2 Cloud Deployment Models 3 Data Security Overview 3.1 Cloud Computing Security Model 3.2 The CIA Triad of Information Security 3.3 Cloud Security Alliance 4 Cloud Security Frameworks 4.1 Service-Collaboration Orientated Security Framework 4.2 Personal Cloud Computing Framework 4.3 Secure G-Cloud-Based Framework for Government Healthcare Services 5 Proposed Cloud Security Framework 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Kinematics and Control of a 3-DOF Industrial Manipulator Robot 1 Introduction 1.1 Method Description References Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Wireless Sensor Network 1.2 Energy Consumption in WSNs 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Improving Energy Efficiency of WSNs 3.2 Experimental Setup 4 Simulation and Analysis of Results 5 Discussion and Conclusion 5.1 Conclusion References Social Structure to Artificial Implementation: Honeybees 1 Introduction 1.1 Honeybees to Artificial Bees 1.2 Standard Artificial Bee Colony Optimization 1.3 Standard ABC and Its Different Variants 2 Research: Usage of Basic and Improve-ABC 2.1 Clustering, Routing, and Deployment in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 2.2 Internet of Things (IoT) 2.3 Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing 2.4 Neural Network and Expert System 2.5 Robotics 3 Genetic Algorithm-Inspired ABC 4 Conclusion and Future Scope of ABC Optimization References Lifetime Aware Secure Data Aggregation through Integrated Incentive-based Mechanism in IoT-based WSN Environment 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation and Contribution of Research Work 2 Proposed Methodology 2.1 Network Model 2.2 Deceptive Packet Detection and Nodes Discard 2.3 Network Lifetime 2.4 Correctly Packet Identification over a Deceptive Node 2.5 Dead Nodes 2.6 Throughput 2.7 Comparative Analysis and Discussion 3 Conclusion References Multi-temporal Analysis of LST-NDBI Relationship with Respect to Land Use-Land Cover Change for Jaipur City, India 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Study Area 4 Proposed Methodology 4.1 Datasets and Processing 4.2 Derivation of NDBI 4.3 Derivation of LSTs 4.4 Generation of Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Analysis and Performance of JADE on Interoperability Issues Between Two Platform Languages 1 Introduction 1.1 Multi-Agent System 2 Related Work and Comparison with Other Technologies 3 Comparison with Other Technologies 4 Framework for Interoperability Issues Resolution 4.1 JADE-WSIG 5 Algorithm for Mapping of Web Services with Multi-Agent System 6 Agent Handler 6.1 Precision Handler Agent 6.2 Null Handler Agent 6.3 Unsigned Number Handler Agent 6.4 Date Handler Agent 6.5 Date Null Agent 6.6 Array Handler Agent 7 Conclusions References A TAM-based Study on the ICT Usage by the Academicians in Higher Educational Institutions of Delhi NCR 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Objectives 3.1 Research Method 3.2 Dataset 4 Analysis and Findings 4.1 Descriptive Analysis 4.2 Reliability Analysis 4.3 Correlation 4.4 Principal Component Analysis 4.5 Regression Analysis on the Modified TAM-Based Model Approach 5 Conclusion References An Investigation on Impact of Gender in Image-Based Kinship Verification 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Investigation Results 3.1 Feature-Based Methods 3.2 Neural Network Based 3.3 Metric-Based Methods 4 Conclusion References Classification of COVID-19 Chest CT Images Using Optimized Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network and Deep CNN 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 2 Literature Review 3 Materials and Method 3.1 Data Augmentation: Why? 3.2 GAN: Image Augmentation 3.3 GA: Optimization 3.4 Generating Synthetic CT Images with GA Optimized DCGAN 3.5 COVID-19 Prediction with Deep CNN Model 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Experimental Setup 4.3 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Intelligent Fractional Control System of a Gas-Diesel Engine 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Control System 4 Digital Computing Algorithm Description 5 Implementation and Tests 6 Conclusion References Analysis on Advanced Encryption Standard with Different Image Steganography Algorithms: An Experimental Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Cryptography 1.2 Steganography 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 3.2 Least Significant Bit (LSB) 3.3 Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) 3.4 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) 4 Performance Metrics 4.1 Mean Squared Error (MSE) 4.2 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) 4.3 Execution Time 4.4 Storage Space 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusion References Diabetes Prediction Using Logistic Regression and K-Nearest Neighbor 1 Introduction 2 Previous Study 3 Methodology 4 Dataset and Experiment Discussion 5 Result Analysis 6 Discussion and Interpretation 7 Conclusion 8 Future Scope References Linear Regression for Car Sales Prediction in Indian Automobile Industry 1 Introduction 2 Previous Study 3 Methodology 4 Dataset and Experiment Discussion 5 Result Analysis 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion 8 Future Scope References Agent-Driven Traffic Light Sequencing System Using Deep Q-Learning 1 Introduction 2 Reinforcement Learning 2.1 Q-Learning 2.2 Deep Q-Learning 3 Mathematical Representation of Traffic Agent 3.1 State Matrix 3.2 Action Matrix 3.3 Reward Matrix 4 Implementation 5 Results 6 Conclusions and Future Scope References System Partitioning with Virtualization for Federated and Distributed Machine Learning on Critical IoT Edge Systems 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Related Work 4 System Implementation 4.1 Virtualization Terminology and System Requirements 4.2 Hardware Platform Selection 4.3 Software Platform Selection 4.4 Communication and Device Resource Sharing 5 Performance Comparison Methodology 6 Results 7 Conclusion References A Review on Preprocessing Techniques for Noise Reduction in PET-CT Images for Lung Cancer 1 Introduction 1.1 Difference Between Artifacts and Noise in PET/CT Images 2 Methodology 3 Related Works 4 Performance Analysis of Preprocessing Filters 4.1 Merits and Demerits of Image Preprocessing Techniques 4.2 Challenges in Noise Reduction for PET/CT Images 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Optimal DG Planning and Operation for Enhancing Cost Effectiveness of Reactive Power Purchase 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 2.1 Distribution Losses 2.2 Voltage Stability Index 2.3 Reactive Power Cost 2.4 Constraints 2.5 Objective Function 3 Learning Enthusiasm-Based TLBO (LebTLBO) 3.1 LE-Based Teacher Phase 3.2 LE-Based Learner Phase 3.3 Poor Student Tutoring Phase 3.4 Application of LebTLBO to the Problem 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Part 1: Optimal DG Deployment 4.2 Part 2: Results for Optimal Operational Power Factor 5 Conclusion References Prediction of User’s Behavior on the Social Media Using XGBRegressor 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Base Model 3.2 XGBoostRegressor 3.3 NLP 4 Analysis of Scenario and Requirements 4.1 Predictions 5 Result Analysis 6 Conclusion References Model Order Reduction of Continuous Time Multi-input Multi-output System Using Sine Cosine Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 3 Sine Cosine Algorithm 3.1 Tools Used for Validation of Error Function 4 Overview of Routh Approximation Technique 5 Test Case 6 Results and Discussions 7 Conclusion References Smart E-waste Management in China: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Overview 2.1 Environmental Effects of E-waste Disposal 2.2 Global E-waste Legislation 3 E-waste Management in China 3.1 E-waste Management Governance 3.2 E-waste Collection and Recycling Modes 4 Applying Smart Technologies in E-waste Management in China 4.1 Smart Technologies 4.2 Internet-Based Smart E-waste Collection and Recycling Systems 4.3 E-Waste Collection System Based on IoT and Cloud Tools 4.4 Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Waste Management 5 Discussion 5.1 Advantages of Smart E-waste Collection and Recycling System 5.2 Current Challenges of Smart E-waste Management in China 6 Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence Framework for Content-Based Image Retrieval: Performance Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Organization of the Paper 2 Related Work 3 Methodology and Implementation 3.1 Image Retrieval Using AlexNet 3.2 Algorithm: Image Retrieval Using AlexNet 3.3 Image Retrieval Using VGG16 3.4 Algorithm: Image Retrieval with Features from VGG16 4 Results 4.1 Experimental Setup 5 Conclusion References Priority-Based Replication Management for Hadoop Distributed File System 1 Introduction 1.1 Data Replication 1.2 Replica Placement 1.3 Replica Selection 2 Related Work 2.1 Data Locality Problem 2.2 Efficient Data Replication Scheme 2.3 Replica Placement 3 Proposed Work 3.1 Base Approach 3.2 Data Placement Algorithm of Hadoop 3.3 Modified Data Replication Process of Hadoop 4 Experimental Setup and Result 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Comparing the Pathfinding Algorithms A*, Dijkstra’s, Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall, and Best First Search for the Paparazzi Problem 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 2.1 Impassable Obstacles 2.2 Slowing Obstacles 2.3 Representation 3 Search Algorithms 3.1 Background on Search Algorithms 3.2 Best First Search 3.3 A* Search 3.4 Dijkstra’s Algorithm 3.5 Bellman-Ford Algorithm 3.6 Floyd-Warshall Algorithm 3.7 Datasets 3.8 Metrics for Comparison 4 Implementation and Testing 4.1 System Overview 4.2 Testing the Feasibility using a Graphical User Interface 5 Observations and Result 5.1 Average Execution Time 5.2 Average Number of Visited Nodes 5.3 Average Shortest Path Costs 5.4 Accuracy of Finding the Shortest Path 6 Conclusions and Outlook References Optimizing an Inventory Routing Problem using a Modified Tabu Search 1 Introduction and Related Work 2 Optimization Methods for Inventory Routing Problems 3 Problem Formulation 4 Tabu Search Algorithm 5 Experimental Settings 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusions References Classification of Histopathological Breast Cancer Images using Pretrained Models and Transfer Learning 1 Introduction 2 Existing Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Training Phase 3.2 Classification 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References Handwritten Digit Recognition Using Very Deep Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Motivation and Justification of the Proposed Work 2.2 Contribution of the Proposed Work 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Dataset Description 3.2 Data Preprocessing System for MNIST Image Dataset 3.3 Image Classification Modelling Using Deep Neural Network 4 Experimental Outcomes and Analysis 4.1 The Experimental Setup of the Proposed Model 4.2 Performance Evaluation Measures of the Proposed Model 4.3 Experimental Result of the Proposed Model 4.4 Discussions 5 Conclusion References The Necessity to Adopt Big Data Technologies for Efficient Performance Evaluation in the Modern Era 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Work 4 Experimental Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Forecasting Stock Market Indexes Through Machine Learning Using Technical Analysis Indicators and DWT 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Architecture 3.3 Discrete Wavelet Transform 3.4 SVR 4 Results 4.1 Statistical Performance Metrics 4.2 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Slotted Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Monopole Antenna for Biomedical Imaging Applications 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Designs 2.1 CPW Rectangular Monopole Antenna (Antenna 1) 2.2 CPW Rectangular Monopole Antenna with Slots (Antenna 2) 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References A Framework for Enhancing Classification in Brain–Computer Interface 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 BCI IVa Dataset 3.2 Channel Selection Using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) 3.3 Common Spatial Pattern-Based (CSP) Feature Extraction 3.4 Classification Algorithm 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Measuring the Accuracy of Machine Learning Algorithms When Implemented on Astronomical Data 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Learning Algorithms 2.2 Differences Between the Two Algorithms 2.3 Objects Classified 3 Gaps in the Literature 4 Results 4.1 Results from Logistic Regression 4.2 Support Vector Machine 5 Conclusions References Artificial Intelligence in E-commerce: A Literature Review 1 E-commerce and Artificial Intelligence 1.1 Meaning of E-commerce 1.2 Meaning of Artificial Intelligence 2 Role of Artificial Intelligence in E-commerce 2.1 Artificial Intelligence Use in E-commerce 2.2 Perspective of Artificial Intelligence in E-commerce 3 Conclusion References Modified Non-local Means Model for Speckle Noise Reduction in Ultrasound Images 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Proposed Methodology 3.2 Performance Evaluation Metrics 4 Experiments and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Improved Color Normalization Method for Histopathological Images 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Methodology 2.1 Improved Fuzzy Modified Reinhard (IFMR) 3 Experimental Results Analysis 3.1 Quality Metrics 4 Conclusion References Parametric Analysis on Disease Risk Prediction System Using Ensemble Classifier 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Related Works 3 Proposed Framework for Disease Risk Level Prediction 3.1 Pre-processing Stage 3.2 Feature Extraction: Statistical, Permutation, and Conditional Entropy 3.3 Ontology Construction with Improved Semantic Similarity Score 3.4 Disease Risk Prediction via Ensemble Classification 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Simulation Procedure 4.2 Dataset Description 4.3 Performance Analysis 4.4 Analysis on Features 5 Conclusion References Sentimental Analysis of Code-Mixed Hindi Language 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Dataset 4 Methodology 4.1 Preprocessing 4.2 Feature Extraction 4.3 Classifiers 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Comparative Analysis 6 Conclusion References Enhanced Security Layer for Hardening Image Steganography 1 Introduction 1.1 Steganography 1.2 Image Steganography 1.3 Steganographic Algorithms 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 LSB Embedding Technique 3.2 Base64 Encoding Technique 4 Implementation 4.1 Encoding Process 4.2 Decoding Process 5 Result and Analysis 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Matrix Games with Linguistic Distribution Assessment Payoffs 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Distribution Assessment Setsch56ZhangDistribution 2.2 Two Person Matrix Games 3 Linguistic Games with Payoffs as Distributed Assessment Sets 4 Linguistic Distribution Linear Programming Method for Matrix Games with Distribution Assessments as Payoffs 5 Result Analysis 6 Conclusions and Recommendations References Interval-valued Fermatean Fuzzy TOPSIS Method and Its Application to Sustainable Development Program 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Relation Between IVFFNs 4 Operational Rules for IVFFNs 5 A New Distance Measure for IVFFNs 6 TOPSIS Model to Solve IVFF MADM Problem 6.1 Algorithm 7 An Application to Sustainable Development Program 7.1 The Results and Discussion 8 Effect of the Parameter ξ on the Decision-Making Results 9 Conclusion References An Empirical Study of Signal Transformation Techniques on Epileptic Seizures Using EEG Data 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Dataset Description 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Transformation Techniques 3 Performance of Transformation Techniques on EEG Data 4 Conclusion References Rainfall Estimation and Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence: a Survey 1 Introduction 2 Global Rainfall Prediction 3 Monthly Rainfall Prediction in India 3.1 Daily Rainfall Prediction in India 3.2 Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Prediction (ISMR) 3.3 Extreme Rainfall Events Prediction in India 3.4 Pre-monsoon Rainfall Events Prediction in India 3.5 Conclusion References Image Classification Using CNN to Diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks for Diabetic Retinopathy (2016) ch60ch6bib1 2.2 Automatic Diabetic Retinopathy Classification (2017) ch60ch6bib2 2.3 Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Deep Learning (2018) ch60ch6bib3 2.4 Detecting eye disease using Artificial Intelligence (2020) ch60ch6bib4 2.5 CNNs for the Screening and Staging of Diabetic Retinopathy (2020) ch60ch6bib5 2.6 Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Learning Methodology (2021) ch60ch6bib6 3 Problem Identification 4 Implementation 4.1 Proposed CNN Model 4.2 Dataset Description 4.3 Hyperparameter Tuning 4.4 AUC-ROC Curves References Real-Time Segregation of Encrypted Data Using Entropy 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 AES Encryption in Python 3.2 3DES Encryption in Python 3.3 RC4 Encryption in Python 3.4 Blowfish Encryption in Python 3.5 Entropy Calculation 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Performance Analysis of Different Deep Neural Architectures for Automated Metastases Detection of Lymph Node Sections in Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Whole-Slide images 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methods 3.1 Tissue Mask Generation 3.2 Normal and Tumor Patch Extraction 3.3 Creating the Dataset and Generating the Heatmap Predictions 3.4 Dataset 3.5 Model Training 4 Findings and Analysis 5 Limitations and Future Scope 6 Conclusion References Linguistic Classification Using Instance-Based Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem Definition 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Preliminaries 3.2 Data set creation 3.3 Training Set Generation 3.4 Classification 4 Discussions 5 Conclusion 6 Declaration References CoFFiTT-COVID-19 Fake News Detection Using Fine-Tuned Transfer Learning Approaches 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 FiT-BERT 3.2 Ext-ULMFiT 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Datasets 4.2 Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Improved Telugu Scene Text Recognition with Thin Plate Spline Transform 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Thin Plate Spline (TPS) Transformation 3.2 Feature Extractor 3.3 Bidirectional Recurrent LSTM for Prediction 3.4 Normalized Edit Distance 3.5 Weight Initialization 4 Training 5 Conclusion References Analysing Voice Patterns to Determine Emotion 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Objectives 2 Data Sets 3 Literature Review 4 Methodology 4.1 System Architecture 4.2 Challenges 4.3 Algorithms 5 Results and Discussion 6 Future Work References Limaco̧n Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization for Large-Scale Optimization Problem 1 Introduction 2 Brief Description of PSOA 3 Limaco̧n Inspired PSOA 4 Description of LSSMTWT Scheduling Problem 5 LimPSO for LSSMTWTSP 5.1 Population Initialization 5.2 PSO Stage 5.3 Limaco̧n Stage 6 Results Analysis and Discussion 6.1 Experimental Setting 7 Conclusion References Author Index