Clinical Laboratory Animal Medicine: An Introduction

Description

The revised fifth edition of Clinical Laboratory Animal Medicine: An Introduction is an accessible guide to basic information for conducting animal research safely and responsibly. It includes a review of the unique anatomic and physiologic characteristics of laboratory animals, husbandry practices, and veterinary care of many animals frequently used in research, including rodents, rabbits, ferrets, zebrafish, nonhuman primates, and agricultural animals. The updated fifth edition adds two new chapters on zebrafish and large animals, new information on transgenic models and genetic editing, and expanded coverage of environmental enrichment and pain management. The book presents helpful tip boxes, images, and review questions to aid in comprehension and learning, and a companion website provides editable review questions and answers, instructional PowerPoints, and additional images not found in the book. This important text: - Provides a complete introduction to laboratory animal husbandry, diseases, and treatments - Offers a user-friendly format with helpful content that highlights important concepts - Contains new knowledge relating to technical methodologies, diseases, drug dosages, laws and regulations, and organizations - Covers information on regulations, facilities, equipment, housing, and research variables as well as veterinary care - Includes new chapters on zebrafish and cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs Written for veterinary technicians, veterinary students, practicing veterinarians, and research scientists, the fifth edition of Clinical Laboratory Animal Medicine continues to offer an essential guide to the ethical treatment and anatomic and physiological characteristics of research animals. FRONT MATTER Cover Dedication Contents About the Authors Preface About the Companion Website Ch 1: Introduction to Laboratory Animal Medicine ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH, TEACHING, AND TESTING Biomedical Research Teaching Product Safety Testing Animal Usage Statistics Funding Sources Regulatory Oversight and Accreditation Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS The 3Rs: Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction Animal Rights and Animal Welfare Sources of Animals Used in Biomedical Research Nonhuman Primate Use ORGANIZATIONS American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Laboratory Animal Management Association American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine National Association for Biomedical Research Foundation for Biomedical Research Institute for Laboratory Animal Research BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 2: Regulations, Policies & Principles Governing the Care & Use of Laboratory Animals ANIMAL WELFARE ACT AND REGULATIONS Animal Welfare Act Animal Welfare Regulations PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE POLICY ON HUMANE CARE AND USE OF LABORATORY ANIMALS OTHER REGULATIONS, POLICIES, GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS, AND ORGANIZATIONS Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching Good Laboratory Practice Regulations The Chimpanzee Health Improvement, Maintenance, and Protection Act The 21st Century Cures Act Animal Welfare Information Center State Regulations AAALAC International BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 3: Facility Design, Housing, Equipment & Management LABORATORY ANIMAL FACILITY DESIGN General Facility Design Walls, Ceilings, Doors, and Floors Lighting Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Airflow, and Differential Pressures Monitoring and Alarms COMMON FACILITY CLASSIFICATIONS Conventional and Barrier Facilities Gnotobiotic Facilities Biohazard Facilities HOUSING Rodent Housing Housing for Other Small Mammals Housing for Large Animals Housing for Nonhuman Primates Specialized Housing Systems Food and Bedding Materials Environmental Enrichment FACILITY EQUIPMENT Cage Washers Autoclaves Watering Equipment Laminar Flow Rodent Change Stations Biological Safety Cabinets Imaging Techniques MANAGEMENT Occupational Health and Safety Programs Laboratory Animal Allergies BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 4: Mice GENETICS MICROBIOLOGIC CLASSIFICATIONS USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering Sanitation TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Imaging Techniques Euthanasia Humane Endpoints SPECIAL TECHNIQUES: TRANSGENIC PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY Pronuclear Injection Gene Targeting Endonuclease Gene Editing Systems Genotyping THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF MICE Bacterial Diseases VIRAL DISEASES Parvoviruses Parasitic Diseases Neoplasms Miscellaneous Conditions REFERENCES FURTHER READING Ch 5: Rats GENETICS MICROBIOLOGIC CLASSIFICATIONS USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Social Housing and Environmental Enrichment Feeding and Watering Sanitation TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Analgesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Imaging Techniques Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF RATS Bacterial Diseases Viral Diseases Parasitic Diseases Mycotic Diseases Neoplasia Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 6: Gerbils USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Sanitation Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Imaging Techniques Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF GERBILS Bacterial Diseases Viral Diseases Parasitic Diseases Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 7: Hamsters USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Sanitation Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Imaging Techniques Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF HAMSTERS Bacterial Diseases Viral Diseases Parasitic Diseases Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 8: Guinea Pigs USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Sanitation Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Imaging Techniques Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF GUINEA PIGS Bacterial Diseases Mycotic Diseases Viral Diseases Parasitic Diseases Neoplasia Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 9: Chinchillas USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Sanitation Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Imaging Techniques Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF CHINCHILLAS Bacterial Diseases Mycotic Diseases Viral Diseases Parasitic Diseases Neoplasia Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 10: Zebrafish USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES REPRODUCTION AND LIFE STAGES HUSBANDRY Housing, Environment, and Sanitation Water Quality Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification and Genotyping Blood Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF ZEBRAFISH Bacterial Diseases Viral Diseases Mycotic Diseases Parasitic Diseases Neoplasia Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 11: Rabbits BREEDS USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering Sanitation TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Imaging Techniques Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF RABBITS Bacterial Diseases Spirochete Infections: Venereal Spirochetosis Viral Diseases Mycotic Infections Parasitic Diseases Neoplasia Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 12: Ferrets USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering Sanitation TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Nail Trimming Drug Administration Immunization Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Imaging Techniques Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF FERRETS Bacterial Diseases Mycotic Diseases Viral Diseases Parasitic Diseases Neoplasia Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 13: Primates TAXONOMY Strepsirrhini (Lemurs, Lorises, and Galagos) Haplorrhini (Tarsiers, Monkeys, and Apes) USES National Primate Research Centers BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering Sanitation TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES Zoonotic Diseases Bacterial Diseases Mycotic Diseases Viral Diseases Parasitic Diseases Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 14: Cattle, Sheep, Goats & Pigs USES BEHAVIOR ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION HUSBANDRY Housing and Environment Sanitation Environmental Enrichment and Social Housing Feeding and Watering TECHNIQUES Handling and Restraint Identification Blood Collection Urine Collection Drug Administration Anesthesia, Surgery, and Postoperative Care Euthanasia THERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRODUCTION TO DISEASES OF AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE TO RESEARCH Neurological Cardiorespiratory Dermatological Gastrointestinal Musculoskeletal Reproductive and Genitourinary Neoplasia Miscellaneous Conditions BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Ch 15: Research Variables, Biosecurity & Colony Health Surveillance RESEARCH VARIABLES Intrinsic Factors Extrinsic Factors BIOSECURITY AND EXCLUSION OF CONTAMINANTS ANIMAL COLONY HEALTH SURVEILLANCE Testing of Animal-Derived Samples Testing of Animal Environments BIBLIOGRAPHY FURTHER READING Appendix 1: Normal Values Bibliography Appendix 2: Comparative Biologic & Reproductive Values by Species Bibliography Answers to Review Questions Index