Blockchain Technology in e-Healthcare Management

Description

The healthcare arena has seen a shift in recent years, with more healthcare provisions being delivered or managed via electronic means. Healthcare providers can now provide patients with diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, or a prescription without ever sharing the same physical space. With so much more patient data now stored and accessed electronically, the security of this information is ever more critical to the delivery of effective and efficient healthcare services. As blockchains are resistant to modification of their data, blockchain technology therefore provides traceable and reliable security to e-Healthcare systems and services. Introducing the fundamentals of blockchain technology and discussing its applications in the e-Healthcare sphere, the editors highlight recent research and development in blockchain technology, specifically in healthcare environments such as e-healthcare records and data security, health insurance management and fraud detection, pharmaceutical supply chain management and drug traceability, and IoT enabled patient monitoring. Including a case study on managing e-Healthcare data the editors also explore the challenges and future directions of using blockchain technology in delivering and managing e-Healthcare provision. Written by a range of international experts, the book will be of interest to researchers and academics in information security, data scientists, and healthcare professionals/administrators with responsibility for e-Healthcare records. Cover Contents About the Editors Preface 1 Blockchain technology: fundamentals, applications, and challenges Abstract 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Fundamentals of blockchain technology 1.2.1 History 1.2.2 Characteristics 1.2.3 Advantages 1.2.4 Disadvantages 1.2.5 Types 1.3 Technical details of blockchain technology 1.3.1 Block 1.3.2 Chaining of blocks 1.3.3 Merkle tree 1.3.4 Consensus algorithm 1.3.5 Smart contract 1.3.6 Hyperledger 1.4 Applications of blockchain technology 1.4.1 Applications of blockchain technology in healthcare 1.4.2 Applications of blockchain in banking and finance 1.4.3 Applications of blockchain in government 1.4.4 Applications of blockchain in manufacturing 1.4.5 Applications of blockchain in other industries 1.5 Challenges in adopting blockchain technology 1.6 Conclusions References 2 e-Healthcare record management using blockchain technology Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Electronic health record 2.2.1 Benefits of using EHRs 2.2.2 Risks of EHR 2.3 Monitoring and managing e-healthcare data using blockchain technology 2.3.1 Patient data management 2.3.2 Prescription management 2.4 Drug traceability using blockchain technology 2.4.1 Drug safety 2.4.2 Drug efficacy and effectiveness 2.4.3 Drug logistics 2.4.4 Global challenges to logistics 2.4.5 Blockchain in managing drug logistics 2.5 The use case for blockchain technology in healthcare 2.5.1 Clinical trials 2.5.2 Smart contracts 2.6 Challenges to implement blockchain technology in e-healthcare record management 2.7 Conclusions and future scope References 3 Blockchain in pharmaceutical sector Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Pharmaceutical drug discovery 3.2.1 Discovery and development 3.2.2 Pre-clinical research process 3.2.3 Clinical drug development and regulatory approval process 3.2.4 FDA review 3.2.5 Post-market monitoring 3.3 Pharmaceutical supply chain management and its challenges 3.4 Supplier consortiums and preventive maintenance 3.4.1 Quality agreements 3.4.2 License agreements 3.4.3 Product supply agreements 3.4.4 Research and development agreements 3.5 Clinical trails 3.5.1 Need for traceability in clinical trials 3.5.2 Revolutionizing clinical trials using blockchain technology 3.6 Pharmaceutical supply chain management using blockchain technology 3.7 Conclusions References 4 Managing health insurance using blockchain technology Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The insurance industry: its aspects and challenges 4.3 Causality in health insurance 4.4 Blockchain technology: a revolution in the health insurance industry 4.5 Customer service management of health insurance using blockchain technology 4.5.1 Monitor and response management 4.5.2 Complaint and grievances management 4.6 Health insurance claim management using blockchain technology 4.7 Health insurance bill management using blockchain technology 4.8 Fraud detection and risk prevention in health insurance using blockchain technology 4.9 Health insurance data record and sharing management using blockchain technology 4.10 Limitations and future directions 4.10.1 Limitations 4.10.2 Future directions 4.11 Conclusions References 5 e-Healthcare data security using blockchain technology Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Motivation 5.1.2 Contributions 5.1.3 Organization of the chapter 5.2 Healthcare data storage and security: a conceptual scenario 5.2.1 Evolution of the healthcare industry 5.2.2 Common threats in the healthcare industry 5.2.3 Threat model 5.2.4 How to keep patient data secure 5.3 Blockchain architecture 5.4 Smart contract modeling 5.4.1 Requirement of innovative contract-based blockchain in healthcare 4.0 5.5 Improving security of e-healthcare data using blockchain technology 5.5.1 Maintaining secured and trusted records of healthcare using blockchain-based federated learning 5.5.2 Identity preservation using the blockchain-based application 5.6 Recording patient consent using non-fungible tokens 5.7 Security breaches of blockchain in the healthcare industry 5.8 Future scope in the healthcare industry 5.9 Conclusion References 6 IoT and blockchain technology-based healthcare monitoring Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 IoT devices for health monitoring 6.3 e-Healthcare data collection using IoT devices 6.3.1 Applications of AI and big data in e-healthcare data collection 6.3.2 e-Healthcare data collection using IoT devices 6.4 e-Healthcare IoT topology P2P network topology Current Z-wave application for e-health 6.5 IoT and blockchain technology for remote patient monitoring 6.5.1 Blockchain in health sector 6.6 Fake drug detection using IoT and blockchain technology 6.6.1 Underused technology 6.7 Conclusions References 7 Case study: a novel system to manage e-healthcare data by using blockchain technology Abstract 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Literature reviews 7.3 Preliminary studies 7.3.1 The need of a decentralized model for healthcare 7.3.2 Blockchain and distributed ledger applications for healthcare 7.3.3 Hyperledger fabric 7.4 Proposed scheme 7.4.1 Assets and rules at the blockchain level 7.4.2 Workflow description 7.5 Results and discussion 7.5.1 Experimental environment 7.5.2 Proof of concept simulations 7.5.3 Performance considerations 7.6 Conclusion References 8 Challenges and future work directions in e-healthcare using blockchain technology Abstract 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Requirements for developing blockchain-based healthcare applications 8.2.1 Multi-party and trust 8.2.2 Storage 8.2.3 Availability, scalability, and real-time processing 8.2.4 Data integrity, consistency, and immutability 8.2.5 Interoperability, data transparency, and validation 8.2.6 User privacy 8.2.7 Identity and key management 8.2.8 Technology acceptance and costs 8.2.9 Legalization of blockchain technology 8.3 Key challenges for healthcare applications using blockchain technology 8.3.1 Healthcare challenges 8.3.2 Blockchain adoption challenges 8.4 Benefits and drawbacks of existing blockchain-based healthcare applications 8.4.1 Health data and EHR 8.4.2 Scalability analysis 8.4.3 Supply chain management 8.5 Future work directions 8.5.1 Healthcare blockchain-based application trends 8.5.2 Blockchain architectural trends 8.6 Conclusion References Index Back Cover