Oxford Science 9: Australian Curriculum

Description

Contents Chapter 1 Science toolkit 1.1 Scientists can test manufacturers’ claims 1.2 Scientists must be aware of experimental errors 1.3 Scientists prepare material safety data sheets 1.4 Scientists present their data accurately 1.5 Scientists investigate consumer products Chapter 1 review Chapter 1 key words Chapter 2 Ecosystems 2.1 All living things are dependent on each other and the environment around them 2.2 Relationships between organisms may be beneficial or detrimental 2.3 Population size depends abiotic and biotic factors 2.4 Introducing a new species may disrupt the balance in an ecosystem 2.5 Energy enters the ecosystem through photosynthesis 2.6 Energy flows through an ecosystem 2.7 Matter is recycled in ecosystems 2.8 Natural events can disrupt an ecosystem 2.9 Human activity can disrupt an ecosystem 2.10 Human management of ecosystems continues to change Chapter 2 review Chapter 2 key words Chapter 3 Control and regulation 3.1 Receptors detect stimuli 3.2 Nerve cells are called neurons 3.3 The nervous system provides fast control of the body 3.4 The central nervous system receives information from the peripheral nervous system 3.5 Things can go wrong with the nervous system 3.6 The endocrine system is slower but more sensitive to change 3.7 Homeostasis regulates through negative feedback 3.8 Hormones are used in sport 3.9 Pathogens cause disease 3.10 The immune system protects our body in an organised way 3.11 Things can go wrong with the immune system Chapter 3 review Chapter 3 key words Chapter 4 Sound and light 4.1 Vibrating particles pass on sound 4.2 Sound can travel at different speeds 4.3 Our ears hear sound 4.4 Things can go wrong with our hearing 4.5 Visible light is a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum 4.6 Light reflects off a mirror 4.7 Light refracts when moving in and out of substances 4.8 Different wavelengths of ligh tare different colours 4.9 The electromagnetic spectrum has many uses 4.10 Our eyes detect light 4.11 Things can go wrong with our eyes Chapter 4 review Chapter 4 key words Chapter 5 Heat and electricity 5.1 Thermal energy moves down the temperature gradient 5.2 Conduction transfers kinetic energy between particles. Convection causes the particles to move 5.3 Thermal energy can radiate through a vacuum 5.4 The ability to use energy efficiently is considered a benefit to society 5.5 Electricity is the presence and flow of electric charges 5.6 Electrical current results from the movement of charges around a closed circuit 5.7 Current can flow through series and parallel circuits 5.8 Voltage is the difference in energy between two parts of a circuit. Resistance makes it difficult for current to flow in a circuit Chapter 5 review Chapter 5 key words Chapter 6 Tectonic plates 6.1 Is the Earth shrinking or moving? 6.2 The Earth has a solid core 6.3 Boundaries between the tectonic plates can be convergent, divergent or transform 6.4 Tectonic plates can be constructive or destructive 6.5 What will the Earth look like in the future? Chapter 6 review Chapter 6 key words Chapter 7 Matter 7.1 The history of the atom 7.2 Atoms are made of subatomic particles 7.3 Atoms have mass 7.4 Electrons are arranged in shells 7.5 Ions have more or less electrons 7.6 Isotopes have more or less neutrons 7.7 Isotopes can release alpha, beta or gamma radiation 7.8 The half-life of isotopes can be used to tell the time 7.9 Radiation is used in medicine Chapter 7 review Chapter 7 key words Chapter 8 Chemical reactions 8.1 Mass is conserved in a chemical reaction 8.2 The rearrangement of atoms in a chemical reaction can be shown using a balanced equation 8.3 Endothermic reactions absorb heat from the surroundings. Exothermic reactions release energy 8.4 Acids have a low pH. Bases have a high pH 8.5 Acids can neutralise bases 8.6 Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen and a salt 8.7 Oxidation reactions use oxygen to form new products 8.8 Combustion reactions need fuel and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water 8.9 Fuels are essential to Australian society Chapter 8 review Chapter 8 key words Chapter 9 Experiments Glossary Index