Biogenic Sustainable Nanotechnology: Trends and Progress

Description

Biogenic Sustainable Nanotechnology: Trends and Progress covers green synthesis methods and materials from biological origin, including microorganisms, cells, plants and how their enzymes or extracts are used for to promote a greener environment, the minimization of generated waste, and the implementation of sustainable processes. The green synthesis of nanostructured material presents an extremely captivating and challenging approach for all researchers due to the presence of phytochemicals agents in extracts, such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, amino acids, chromone, steroids, phytol and terpenoids. This book covers phytochemicals and how they can act as good reducers, surfactants, structure directors and capping agents. This book focuses on the green synthesis of nanomaterials with various biological systems, with a particular emphasis on mechanisms of nanomaterial synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, and their applications in a variety of industry sectors. This will be an important reference source for materials scientist, bioengineers and environmental scientists. Biogenic Sustainable Nanotechnology Copyright Contents List of contributors Preface 1 Building nanomaterials with microbial factories 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mechanisms of metal nanoparticles synthesis by bacteria 1.3 Nanoparticle biosynthesis 1.3.1 Silver nanoparticles 1.3.2 Gold nanoparticles 1.3.3 Magnetite nanoparticles 1.3.4 Copper nanoparticles 1.3.5 Selenium nanoparticles 1.3.6 Quantum dots 1.4 Conclusion 1.5 Future prospects Acknowledgments References 2 Phytofabrication of nickel-based nanoparticles: focus on environmental benign technology and therapeutic perspectives 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Current status of Ni-based nanoparticles 2.3 Fabrication of Ni-based nanoparticles 2.3.1 Fabrication of NiO nanoparticles using plant extracts 2.3.2 Fabrication of NiO nanoparticles using microbes 2.3.2.1 Preparation of microbial extract 2.4 Conclusion and future perspectives of Ni-based nanoparticles References 3 Bacterial cellular mechanisms for synthesis of green nanostructured compounds 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Microorganism involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles 3.2.1 Bacteria 3.2.2 Fungi 3.2.3 Cyanobacteria 3.2.4 Others 3.3 Synthesis of bacterial nanoparticles by using cellular mechanism 3.3.1 Extracellular mechanism 3.3.2 Intracellular mechanism 3.4 Application of biologically synthesized nanoparticles 3.4.1 Food 3.4.2 Agriculture 3.4.3 Environment 3.4.4 Biomedical 3.4.5 Textiles 3.4.6 Renewable energy 3.4.7 Electronics 3.5 Conclusion References 4 Ecofriendly microorganism assisted fabrication of metal nanoparticles and their applications 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Bacteria-mediated synthesis 4.2.1 Copper nanoparticles synthesis by bacterial font 4.2.1.1 Morganella morganii 4.2.1.2 Pseudomonas stutzeri 4.2.1.3 Pseudomonas fluorescens 4.2.1.4 Streptomyces sp. 4.2.2 Silver nanoparticles synthesis by bacterial font 4.2.2.1 Bacillus subtilis 4.2.2.2 Klebsiella pneumoniae 4.2.2.3 Nocardiopsis sp. 4.2.2.4 Ochrobactrum sp. 4.2.2.5 Lactobacillus casei 4.2.2.6 Bacillus cereus 4.2.2.7 Lyngbya majuscula (Cyanobacteria) 4.2.2.8 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 4.2.2.9 Lactobacillus fermentum 4.2.2.10 Bacillus flexus 4.2.2.11 Spirulina platensis and Nostoc linckia (Cyanobacteria) 4.2.2.12 Lactobacillus spp. 4.2.2.13 Oscillatoria limnetica (Cyanobacteria) 4.2.3 Gold nanoparticles synthesis using different bacterial font 4.2.3.1 Bacillus sp. 4.2.3.2 Escherichia coli 4.2.3.3 Shewanella sp. 4.2.3.4 Plectonema boryanum 4.2.3.5 Rhodopseudomonas capsulate 4.2.3.6 Deinococcus radiodurans 4.2.3.7 Geobacillus sp. 4.2.3.8 Marinobacter pelagius 4.2.3.9 Brevibacterium casei 4.2.3.10 Thermus scotoductus 4.2.3.11 Bacillus subtilis 4.2.3.12 Shewanella oneidensis 4.2.3.13 Pseudomonas fluorescens 4.2.3.14 Acinetobacter sp. 4.3 Fungi-mediated synthesis 4.3.1 Copper nanoparticles synthesis by fungi font 4.3.1.1 Stereum hirsutum 4.3.1.2 Fusarium oxysporum 4.3.1.3 Aspergillus niger 4.3.2 Silver nanoparticles synthesis by fungi font 4.3.2.1 Trichoderma gamsii 4.3.2.2 Trichoderma reesei 4.3.2.3 Fusarium oxysporum 4.3.2.4 Fusarium acuminatum 4.3.2.5 Aspergillus fumigatus 4.3.2.6 Helminthosporium tetramera 4.3.2.7 Bipolaris nodulosa 4.3.2.8 Aspergillus niger 4.3.2.9 Aspergillus flavus 4.3.2.10 Aspergillus terreus 4.3.2.11 Cladosporium cladosporioides 4.3.2.12 Coriolus versicolor 4.3.2.13 Macrophomina phaseolina 4.3.2.14 Penicillium nalgiovense AJ12 4.3.2.15 Cunninghamella echinulata 4.3.2.16 Phoma glomerata 4.3.2.17 Rhizopus stolonifer 4.3.2.18 Arthroderma fulvum 4.3.2.19 Candida utilis 4.3.2.20 Schizophyllum commune 4.3.3 Gold nanoparticles synthesis by fungi font 4.3.3.1 Cladosporium cladosporioides 4.3.3.2 Trichoderma harzianum 4.3.3.3 Pleurotus ostreatus 4.3.3.4 Aspergillus sp. 4.3.3.5 Rhizopus oryzae 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Herbal spices and nanotechnology for the benefit of human health 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Complementary role of spices and nanotechnology in development of herbal medicine 5.3 Journey of spices for the betterment of human life 5.3.1 Spices from kitchen to clinic 5.4 Ancient to current status of the use of herbal spices and nanotechnology 5.5 Use of spices as a source of natural color 5.6 Use as a natural source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents 5.7 Need for bioprospection of herbs and spices 5.7.1 Medicinal bioprospecting 5.7.2 Bioprospection of essential oils for medicinal uses 5.7.3 Bioprospection of products from herbs and spices 5.7.4 Bioprospecting of spices and herbs for drug discovery 5.8 Issues and challenges with herbal nanomedicines 5.9 Conclusion and future perspectives References 6 Nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture: innovative potential with current and future perspectives 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Nanopesticides: agro-based formulations for pest control 6.3 Nanofertilizers: recent trends and prospect in agriculture system 6.4 Nanoparticles: uptake, translocations, and plant growth 6.5 Recent advances in nanoparticles for plant protection 6.6 Nanomaterials as agents to smart monitoring 6.7 Nanoparticles for managing the agricultural postharvest waste 6.8 Future perspective 6.9 Conclusion References 7 Fabrications and applications of polymer–graphene nanocomposites for sustainability 7.1 Introduction 7.2 History background of polymer–graphene nanocomposites 7.3 Overview of polymer–graphene nanocomposites 7.4 Preparation methods polymer–graphene nanocomposites 7.4.1 Solution cast technique 7.4.2 Melt mixing technique 7.4.3 In situ polymerization 7.4.4 Electrospinning technique 7.4.5 Electrodeposition 7.5 Modification techniques for graphene and graphene oxide 7.5.1 Grafting 7.5.2 Atom transfer radical polymerization 7.5.3 Radical polymerization techniques 7.5.4 Condensation techniques 7.6 Interactions of graphene oxide and graphene with polymers 7.6.1 Interactions of graphene oxide in polymer matrices 7.6.2 Interactions of graphene in polymer matrices 7.7 Natural polymers nanocomposites 7.7.1 Chitosan/graphene/graphene oxide nanocomposites 7.7.2 Cellulose/graphene/graphene oxide nanocomposites 7.8 Synthetic polymers nanocomposites 7.8.1 Polyvinylidene fluoride/graphene/graphene oxide nanocomposites 7.8.2 Polyurethane/graphene/graphene oxide nanocomposites 7.9 Conductive polymers nanocomposites 7.9.1 Polypyrrole/graphene/graphene oxide nanocomposites 7.9.2 Polyaniline/graphene/graphene oxide nanocomposites 7.10 Applications of graphene/polymer nanocomposites 7.10.1 Antibacterial activity 7.10.2 Sensors 7.10.3 Energy storage devices 7.10.4 High-performance materials 7.10.5 Drug delivery 7.10.6 Biomedical 7.10.7 Water purification 7.11 Conclusion References 8 Phytofabrication of metal oxide/iron-based and their therapeutic and their therapeutic potentials: in-depth insights into... 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Different ways to define NPs 8.1.2 Development from ancient to scientific age 8.2 Methods for nanoparticles fabrication 8.2.1 Mechanical grinding/milling 8.2.2 Laser ablation 8.2.3 Electro-explosion 8.2.4 Chemical vapor deposition 8.2.5 Sol–gel process 8.2.6 Biological fabrication 8.3 Biofabrication of NPs 8.4 Phytofabrication of NPs 8.4.1 Stem-based phytofabrication 8.4.2 Fruit-based phytofabrication 8.4.3 Seed/seed coats-based phytofabrication 8.4.4 Flower-based phytofabrication 8.4.5 Root-based phytofabrication 8.4.6 Leaves-based phytofabrication 8.5 Mechanism of phytofabrication of NPs 8.6 Therapeutic potentials of iron-based NPs 8.7 Conclusion References 9 Highlights of decade long progress of nano-selenium fabricated from plant biomass: insights into techniques and mechanisms 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Selenium nanoparticles 9.3 Synthesis 9.4 Mechanism of formation of SeNPs 9.5 Recent reports of SeNPs formation 9.6 Applications in SeNPs in food packing 9.7 Toxicity of SeNPs 9.8 Conclusion References 10 Strategies of nanotechnology as a defense system in plants 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Nanotechnology in plant defense mechanism 10.2.1 Nanobiosensors 10.2.1.1 FRET-based nanosensors 10.2.1.2 Electrochemical nanosensors 10.2.1.3 Carbon-based nanosensors 10.2.2 Nanoencapsulation 10.2.3 Metal-based nanoparticles 10.2.4 Nanohybrid 10.2.5 Nanoantioxidant mechanism 10.3 Nanotoxicity and nanobusiness 10.3.1 Nanotoxicity—monitored toxicity and potential health risks of nanomaterials 10.3.2 Nanobusiness and its risky path 10.4 Conclusion Future line of work References Further reading 11 Nanocomposites for dye remediation from aqueous solutions 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Dyes 11.3 Nanocomposites 11.3.1 Magnetic nanocomposites 11.3.2 Metal/metal oxide-based nanocomposites 11.3.3 Polymer nanocomposites 11.3.4 Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites 11.3.5 Carbon-based nanocomposites 11.3.6 Ash-based nanocomposites 11.3.7 Hydrogel-based nanocomposites 11.3.8 Chitosan-based nanocomposites 11.3.9 Other types of nanocomposites 11.4 Photocatalytic degradation of dyes 11.5 Conclusion References 12 Sustainable hybrid nanomaterials for environmental remediation and agricultural advancement 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Hybrid nanomaterials 12.1.2 Designing strategy and properties of hybrid nanomaterials 12.2 Applications of hybrid nanomaterials 12.2.1 Polymer-based hybrid nanomaterial 12.2.1.1 In environmental remediation 12.2.1.2 In agriculture 12.2.2 Metal–organic framework 12.2.2.1 MOF for environmental remediation 12.2.2.2 MOF application agricultural soil remediation 12.2.3 Phytochemical-based hybrid nanomaterials 12.2.3.1 Phytochemical-based hybrid nanomaterials in environmental remediation 12.2.3.2 Phytochemical-based hybrid nanomaterials for agriculture applications 12.3 Future aspects 12.4 Concluding remarks References 13 Bacterial synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their applications 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Synthesis of nanoparticles 13.2.1 Top-down approach 13.2.2 Bottom-up approach 13.3 Classification of nanomaterials 13.3.1 Based on source 13.3.2 Based on dimension 13.3.3 Based on chemical composition 13.3.4 Based on toxicity 13.4 Green nanotechnology 13.5 Scheming of green nanomaterials 13.5.1 Approaches for green nanomaterial synthesis 13.6 Zinc oxide 13.7 Applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles 13.8 Biosynthesis of nanoparticles 13.9 Bacterial synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and its applications 13.10 Conclusions References 14 Environmental impact on toxicity of nanomaterials 14.1 Introduction 14.2 A brief walk to nanomaterials and their properties 14.3 The history of nanomaterials and their creation 14.4 Nanomaterial sources 14.5 Types and classification of nanomaterials 14.5.1 Nanomaterials-based categories 14.6 Applications of nanoparticles 14.6.1 Applications in drugs and medications 14.6.2 Fabrication and materials applications 14.6.3 Applications in the environment 14.6.4 Applications in electronics 14.6.5 Applications in energy harvesting 14.6.6 Applications in mechanical industries 14.7 Nanomaterial regulations 14.8 Nanomaterials problems and risk valuation 14.8.1 Nanomaterial toxicity 14.8.2 Toxicity of nanoparticles 14.9 The potential for interactions between nanoparticles and living systems sources and health effects of nanoparticles 14.10 Mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity 14.11 Nanoparticles in living systems – the surface effects 14.12 Toxicology of nanoparticles 14.13 Nanomaterials of different substances and their toxicity 14.14 Solving toxic problem 14.15 Conclusion References 15 Sustainable nanotechnology for human resource development 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The nano-agroparticles 15.3 Nanotechnology for sustainable practice 15.3.1 Chitosan in crop production 15.3.2 Chitosan prevents deficiency of micronutrient in desired crops 15.3.3 Chitosan vector for gene delivery 15.3.4 Nanotechnology to improve the water quality for sustainable agriculture 15.3.5 Nano-oligodynamic metal particles 15.3.5.1 Photocatalysis 15.3.5.2 Desalination 15.3.5.3 Removal of resistant pesticides 15.3.6 Nanotechnology for crop yield enhancement 15.3.6.1 Nanoscale carriers 15.3.6.2 Fabricated xylem vessels 15.3.7 Applications of nanotechnology in food industries 15.3.7.1 Maintaining food quality standards 15.3.7.2 Disinfectants 15.3.7.3 Barcode technology 15.3.7.4 Quantum dots 15.3.7.5 Encapsulation of food manufacturing 15.3.7.6 Lipid-based nano-delivery system 15.3.7.7 Polymer-based delivery system 15.3.7.8 Nanofiltration 15.3.7.9 Prevent rancidity 15.3.7.10 Activation of enzyme energy 15.4 Chitosan nanoparticles synthesis 15.4.1 Ionotropic gelation 15.4.2 Coacervation 15.4.3 Coprecipitation 15.4.4 Microemulsion method 15.4.5 Spray drying method 15.5 How to load active principle into chitosan nanoparticles 15.6 Function of chitosan nanoparticles 15.7 Conclusion and future perspectives References 16 Rationale and trends of applied nanotechnology 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Rules and regulations for nanotechnology 16.3 Global nanotechnology sectors 16.3.1 Nanotechnology industry in the world 16.3.1.1 Nanomedicine 16.3.1.2 Nanodefense 16.3.1.3 Nanoapplications in electronics 16.3.1.4 Nanocoatings 16.3.1.5 Nanoweapons 16.3.1.6 Nanoenergy technology 16.3.1.7 Nanoagriculture 16.3.1.8 Nanoenvironment and food industries 16.4 Types of nanotechnology 16.4.1 Materials nanotechnology 16.4.2 Green nanotechnology 16.4.2.1 The current status of green/biogenic synthesis 16.4.2.2 Importance of the green nanotechnology 16.5 Nanotechnology applications 16.6 Societal acceptance of nanotechnology References Index