Populism in Asian Democracies: Features, Structures, and Impacts

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Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Contents Acknowledgments Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Introduction: Populism in Asian Democracies 1 The Rise of Asian Populism 2 Types of Asian Populism 2.1 Political Populism: Progressive and Authoritarian 2.2 Redistributive Populism 2.2.1 Ethnic and Religious Populism 3 Democracy and Populism in Asia Part 1 Progressive Populism Chapter 1 South Korea’s Tamed Populism: Popular Protests from Below and Populist Politics from the Top 1 Introduction 2 Concepts and Functions of Populism 3 The Case of South Korea 4 Popular Protests from Below 4.1 The sofa Revision Candlelight Protests 4.2 The Mad Cow Disease Candlelight Protests 4.3 The Choi Soon-Sil Gate and Park Impeachment Candlelight Protests 5 Populist Politics from the Top 5.1 The Politics of Eradicating “accumulated evils” 6 Conclusion Chapter 2 Populism in Taiwan: A Bottom-Up Model 1 Introduction 2 Definition of Populism 3 Populists and Their Demands 3.1 Who Are the Populists? 3.2 The Populist Issues and Agendas 3.3 Absorbed into the Existing Political System 4 The Influence of Populism upon Democracy 4.1 Contributions of the Populist Movement 4.2 Potential Negative Influence 5 Conclusion Part 2 Authoritarian Populism Chapter 3 Contemporary Populism and Democratic Challenges in the Philippines 1 Introduction 2 Institutional Lens 3 From Mayor to President 4 The Populist Appeal 5 Duterte and Populism 6 The Drug War 7 Social Media as a Battlefield 8 The Rising Tide of Populism 9 Erosion of Independent Institutions 10 Silencing Critics 11 Marginalizing the Opposition 12 Conclusion Chapter 4 Judicial Populism and Its Impact on the Quality of Democracy in Pakistan 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Constitutional Domain 4 Military Dictatorship and Democracy 5 Cases of Judicial Populism in Pakistan 6 Suo Motu and Judicial Populism 7 Conclusion 8 Recommendations Part 3 Redistributive Populism Chapter 5 Populism in Contemporary Indian Politics 1 Introduction 2 History and the Rise of Populism in India 3 Populist Measures in India 3.1 Case Study 1: Guaranteeing Wage Employment in Rural India 3.2 Case Study 2: Providing Subsidized Prepared Food in Tamil Nadu 3.3 Case Study 3: Free Laptops for the Students of Uttar Pradesh 3.4 Case Study 4: Demonetization 4 Impact of Populist Measures on Democratic Governance 4.1 Positive Implications of Populist Measures 4.2 Negative Implications of Populist Measures 5 Conclusion Chapter 6 Populism in Thailand 1 Introduction 2 Context of Thailand 2.1 Populism in Four Periods of Government 2.1.1 Populism in the Thaksin Shinawatra Period 2.1.2 Populism in the Abhisit Vejjajiva Period 2.1.3 Populism in the Yingluck Shinawatra Period 2.1.4 Populism in the General Prayut Chan-o-cha Period 3 Results of Policy Implementation 3.1 Success Factors 3.2 Positive and Negative Aspects of Populism 3.2.1 Positive Aspects of Populism 3.2.2 Negative Aspects of Populism 4 Criticism and Analysis 4.1 Problems with Populist Policies in Thailand 4.2 Recommendations to Create Sustainable Policies 4.2.1 The Role of Political Parties and Policy-Makers 4.2.2 Flexibility and Decentralization 4.2.3 Preventive Measures via Laws and Regulations 4.2.4 Classification of Good and Bad Populist Policies 5 Conclusion Chapter 7 Populism as a Phenomenon: Signs of Populism in Mongolian Development 1 Introduction 2 Positive and Negative Implications of Populism for Society 3 Populism in Mongolia and the Crisis of Political Parties Chapter 8 The Changing Nature of Populism in Malaysia 1 Introduction 2 The Malaysian Discourse on Populism 3 What Socioeconomic and Political Issues Resonate with the Malaysian Public? 4 Why Were These Issues Considered Populist in Malaysia? 5 Current Trends in Populism in Malaysia 6 One Year On—Has ph Stayed True to Its Promises? 7 Conclusion: Changing Currents of Populism in Post-GE14 Malaysia? Part 4 Ethnic and Religious Populism Chapter 9 Populism in Indonesia: Learning from the 212 Movement in Response to the Blasphemy Case against Ahok in Jakarta 1 Introduction: Popular Rallies around the Ahok Blasphemy Case 2 Understanding Populism: The Indonesian Context 3 Roots of Islamic Religious Populism 4 Conclusion Chapter 10 Hegemonic Populism: Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Populism in Contemporary Sri Lanka 1 Theorizing Populism in Sri Lanka 2 Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalism as a Driver of Populism 3 2009–14: The Rajapaksa Regime 3.1 Dynasty as Destiny 3.2 Anti-Minority Violence 4 2014–15: The Fall of Rajapaksa 4.1 Rajapaksa’s Electoral Defeat 4.2 Liberal Democratic Opposition 5 2015 Onwards: The Yahapālanaya Government 5.1 A Test of Liberal Democracy 5.2 Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Populism against State Reform 5.3 Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Populism by Non–State Actors 5.4 Constitutional Crisis 6 Conclusion: Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Populism as Hegemonic Chapter 11 Populism in Myanmar 1 Introduction 2 Historical Development of Religious Nationalism 3 The Rise of Populism Based on Religious Nationalism 4 Religious Nationalism under nld Rule 5 The Threat of Populism to Democracy 6 Conclusion Conclusion: Sources and Features of Asian Democracies 1 Sources of Populism in Asia 1.1 Redistributive Populism 1.2 Ethnic and Religious Populism 1.3 Progressive Populism 1.4 Authoritarian Populism 2 General Background of the Emergence of Populism 3 Mixed Models 4 Some Special Features of Asian Populism 5 Conclusion Index