William of Ockham’s Early Theory of Property Rights: Sources, Texts, and Contexts

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Abstract Acknowledgements Contents List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations Chronology of the Principal Texts & Events 1 Introduction 2 The Position of John XXII 2.1 From Suppression to Condemnation 2.2 John's Early Account of Poverty 2.3 John Re-acts 2.4 John and the Types of Law 2.5 Origin of Property 2.6 Legal Nature of Use Use of Fact or Use of Right? Just Use is Licit Use is Using by Right 2.7 Summary of John's Theory 3 The Varieties of Ius 3.1 Ius and the Jurists Roman Law & Two Glossators Gratian & the Decretists 3.2 Bonagratia of Bergamo 3.3 Michael of Cesena Ius as Law Ius as Right 3.4 Francis of Marchia Ius as Law Ius as Right 3.5 William of Ockham Ius as Law Ius as Right 4 The Nature of Dominium 4.1 Bonagratia of Bergamo 4.2 Michael of Cesena Dominium diuinum Dominium humanum Dominium and the Early Community of Believers 4.3 Francis of Marchia Dominium diuinum Dominium humanum Dominium and the Early Community of Believers 4.4 William of Ockham Dominium diuinum Dominium humanum Dominium and the Early Community of Believers 5 The Species of Usus 5.1 Bonagratia of Bergamo 5.2 Michael of Cesena Usus iuris Ius utendi Licentia utendi Usus facti Preliminary Conclusions 5.3 Francis of Marchia Usus iuris Ius utendi Licentia utendi Usus facti Preliminary Conclusions 5.4 William of Ockham Usus iuris Ius utendi Licentia utendi Usus facti Preliminary Conclusions 6 Consumables 6.1 Bonagratia of Bergamo 6.2 Michael of Cesena (Ab-)Using Consumables Vanishing Dominium of Consumables Must Licit Use Be Just? 6.3 Francis of Marchia (Ab)Using Consumables Vanishing Dominium of Consumables Must Licit Use Be Just? 6.4 William of Ockham (Ab)Using Consumables The Vanishing Dominium of Consumables Must Licit Use Be Just? 7 Corporate Poverty 7.1 Origins of Corporate Poverty 7.2 Innocent IV & Corporation Theory Ordinem uestrum reconsidered 7.3 Bonagratia of Bergamo 7.4 Michael of Cesena 7.5 Francis of Marchia 7.6 William of Ockham 8 Conclusion 8.1 Summary of Michaelist Position 8.2 Legal Catenae A The Fourfold Community of Goods: Bonaventure and Michael B A Structural Analysis of the Michaelist Tracts C A Comparison of Legal References Bibliography