Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences

Description

This volume follows the publication of Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences. This new book presents additional topics not discussed in the previous volume. It examines key topics such as partial credit analysis of data, common person linking, computing equating constants, investigating discrimination, evaluating dimensionality, how to better utilize Wright Maps, how to design tests and surveys using Rasch theory, and many more. The book includes activities which can be used to practice the theme of each chapter and to test the reader’s understanding of Rasch techniques. Beginning and ending with a conversation between two students, each chapter provides clear step-by-step instructions as to how to conduct an analysis using the chapter theme. The chapters emphasize applications for the beginner learning Rasch and provide guidance for composing a write-up of an analysis for a presentation, paper, thesis or report. This book explores in detail many important yet often rarely discussed topics in Rasch. With its easy-to-read language and engaging format it reaches a wide audience of scientists, clinicians, students, researchers and psychometricians, providing a valuable toolkit for practical users of Rasch analysis. – Dr. Eva Fenwick, Clinical Research Fellow, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI) Assistant Professor, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore    It is an easy to read book and provides immediate guidance for those wishing to conduct a Rasch analysis. The “conversations” between students in each chapter provides a welcome introduction to each topic.  – Prof. Maik Walpuski, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany The lessons learned in their first book are extended by providing insightful demonstrations of some of the more complex concepts and techniques used in applying Rasch models. – Dr. Michael R. Peabody, National Association of Boards of Pharmacy,  Illinois, USA I am amazed with the ability of these authors to communicate complicated knowledge, and the ability to make this highly complicated knowledge accessible to new learners guiding every step of the way. Through this book we get important knowledge about techniques and the different areas of use for Rasch methods in the human sciences This is truly an important book for students and researchers. – Prof. Charlotte Ringsmose, Aalborg University, Denmark Preface Contents Chapter 1: Introduction: For the Second Time Tie Ins to Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Book 1) Organization and Rationale of the Book and the Chapters A Few Warm Up Reminders and Exercises from RAHS Book 1 Topics Appearing in Advances in Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences This Chapter: “Introduction for the Second Time” Chapter 2: “Principal Component Analysis of Residuals (PCAR)” Chapter 3: “Point Measure Correlation” Chapter 4: “Test Information Function (TIF)” Chapter 5: “Disattenuated Correlation” Chapter 6: “Understanding and Utilizing Item Characteristic Curves (ICC) to Further Evaluate the Functioning of a Scale” Chapter 7: “How Well Are Your Instrument Items Helping You to Discriminate and Communicate?” Chapter 8: “Partial Credit Part I” Chapter 9: “Partial Credit Part II (How to Anchor a Partial Credit Test)” Chapter 10: “The Hills…with the Partial Credit Model” Chapter 11: “Common Person Test Equating” Chapter 12: “Virtual Equating of Test Forms” Chapter 13: “Computing and Utilizing an Equating Constant to Explore Items for Linking a Test to an Item Bank” Chapter 14: “Rasch Measurement Estimation Procedures” Chapter 15: “The Importance of Cross Plots for Your Rasch Analysis” Chapter 16: “Wright Maps (Part 3 and Counting…)” Chapter 17: “Rasch and Forms of Validity Evidence” Chapter 18: “Using Rasch Theory to Develop a Test and a Survey” Chapter 19: “Presentation and Explanation Techniques to Use in Rasch Articles” Chapter 20: “Some Concluding Thoughts…” References Chapter 2: Principal Component Analysis of Residuals (PCAR) Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Cross Plotting to Explore Dimensionality Cross Plot Type 1 Cross Plot Type 2 Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 Activity #6 References Additional Readings Chapter 3: Point Measure Correlation Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Reviewing Point Measure Correlations for Tests Experiment #2 With Test Data Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 Activity #6 Activity #7 References Additional Readings Chapter 4: Test Information Function (TIF) Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Computing a TIF Graph What to Do with the TIF plot? What Is Useful for the Researcher? Further Experiments Final Experiment Some Final Thoughts on the Test Information Function Curve Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 References Additional Readings Chapter 5: Disattenuated Correlation Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 References Additional Readings Chapter 6: Understanding and Utilizing Item Characteristic Curves (ICC) to Further Evaluate the Functioning of a Scale Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction How to Review and Interpret Model ICCs and Empirical ICCs How to Read and Use the Plot Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 Activity #6 Activity #7 Activity #8 Activity #9 Activity #10 Activity #11 References Additional Readings Chapter 7: How Well Are Your Instrument Items Helping You to Discriminate and Communicate? Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Communicating and Evaluating the Manner in Which Test Items Discriminate Students Computing the Gap Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Chapter 8: Partial Credit Part 1 Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction A Data Set Containing a Mix of Partial Credit and Dichotomous Items Exploring and Understanding the Data Set The Key to the Partial Credit Analysis Is the Judicial Use of ISGROUPS The Person Measures from a Partial Credit Analysis Person Fit, Item Fit, Reliability ISGROUPS=0 GROUPS=0 Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 Activity #6 References Additional Readings Chapter 9: Partial Credit Part II (How to Anchor a Partial Credit Test) Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Thinking About Anchoring Partial Credit Tests Steps to Anchor a Partial Credit Test Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 References Additional Readings Chapter 10: The Hills…with the Partial Credit Model Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction What Happens When the Master’s Partial Credit Model Is Used, When GROUPS=0, When GROUPS=AABBCCC? How to Make Use of Figure 10.6 and Figure 10.7 for Your Research? Evaluating Rating Scale Functioning Communicating Data Analysis Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 Activity #6 Activity #7 Activity #8 Activity #9 Activity #10 Activity #11 Activity #12 References Additional Readings Chapter 11: Common Person Test Equating Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction A Slight Twist Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 References Additional Readings Chapter 12: Virtual Equating of Test Forms Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction First Steps for Virtual Equating Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 References Additional Readings Chapter 13: Computing and Utilizing an Equating Constant to Explore Items for Linking a Test to an Item Bank Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction A Final Comment Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 References Additional Readings Chapter 14: Rasch Measurement Estimation Procedures Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Different Estimation Procedures Step 1: The JMLE Estimation Procedures of Winsteps and FACETS Step 2: What Are the Meaningful Differences, if any, Between the Estimation Procedures Used in Winsteps and Other Software Programs? Added Steps to Understand the Similarities and Differences of Rasch Programs The Bottom Line Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 References Additional Readings Chapter 15: The Importance of Cross Plots for Your Rasch Analysis Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Cross Plots to Understand Your Data Error-vs-Person Measure Sample Cross Plots to Aid Your Analysis and Your Articles Item Measure-vs-Item Error Cross Plot Item Measure-vs-Item MNSQ Outfit Cross Plots from Separate Analyses Cross Plots Used in Chaps. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 Cross Plots Used in Articles Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 Activity #6 Activity #7 Activity #8 References Additional Readings Chapter 16: Wright Maps (Part 3 and Counting...) Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Recent Wright Maps in the Literature What Can Be Learned and Improved Upon Through Review of the Wright Maps in These and Other Articles? The Common Wright Map Format Surprises in Presentation of Wright Maps Font Wrap Around M, S, T Added Cleaning Up and Simple Additions You Should Consider Units Beyond the Basic Wright Map Output Side by Side Wright Maps Piling Up Items (or Persons) on a Wright Map Wright Maps for Surveys How to Present Items? How to Present Respondents? Person Labels in a Wright Map Special Additions to Wright Maps Final Touch Ups A Potential Wright Map Checklist Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 References Additional Readings Additional Wright Map Examples Chapter 17: Rasch and Forms of Validity Evidence Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Content Validity Evidence Construct Validity Evidence Predictive Validity Evidence Concurrent Validity Evidence Statistical Validity Evidence Fit Validity How Validity Evidence Is Sometimes Addressed in Rasch Research Articles Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets Activities Activity#1 Activity #2 References Additional Readings Chapter 18: Using Rasch Theory to Develop a Test and a Survey Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Designing a Test Using Rasch Theory What Does a Test Developer Do If no Variable Is Supplied to Guide Your Development of a Test? How Might You Go About Defining the Variable? Use a Theory Blueprints and Item Writing The Next Steps The Bottom Line What About Surveys? Does This Same Technique Work? Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 Activity #6 Activity #7 References Chapter 19: Presentation and Explanation Techniques to Use in Rasch Articles Tie Ins to RAHS Book 1 Introduction Item Tables Which Columns to Include? Entry Number Column or Name Column? Total Score and/or Total Count Column Item Measure and Model S. E Item Fit Point Measure Correlation Person Measure Tables Final Thoughts Keywords and Phrases Potential Article Text Quick Tips Data Sets (Go to http://extras.springer.com) Activities Activity #1 Activity #2 Activity #3 Activity #4 Activity #5 Activity #6 Activity #7 Activity #8 Activity #9 Activity #10 References Additional Readings Chapter 20: Some Concluding Thoughts… Reference