Globalization and diversity : geography of a changing world

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Cover World – Political Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Contents Preface About the Authors Digital & Print Resources 1. Concepts of World Geography Geography Matters: Environments, Regions, Landscapes Areal Differentiation and Integration The Cultural Landscape: Space into Place Regions: Formal and Functional Converging Currents of Globalization Exploring Global Connections: A Closer Look at Globalization The Environment and Globalization Globalization and Changing Human Geographies Geopolitics and Globalization Economic Globalization and Uneven Development Outcomes Thinking Critically About Globalization Diversity in a Globalizing World The Geographer’s Toolbox: Location, Maps, Remote Sensing, and GIS Latitude and Longitude Map Projections Map Scale Map Patterns and Map Legends Aerial Photos and Remote Sensing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Themes and Issues in World Regional Geography Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: The Changing Global Environment Working Toward Sustainability: Meeting the Needs of Future Generations Population and Settlement: People on the Land Population Growth and Change Global Migration and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The Geography of Change and Tradition Culture in a Globalizing World Everyday Globalization: Common Cultural Exchanges Language and Culture in Global Context The Geography of World Religions Culture, Gender, and Globalization Geopolitical Framework: Unity and Fragmentation The Nation-State Revisited Colonialism, Decolonialization, and Neocolonialism Global Conflict and Insurgency Geographers at Work: Tracking Conflict from Space Economic and Social Development: The Geography of Wealth and Poverty More and Less Developed Countries Indicators of Economic Development Comparing Incomes and Purchasing Power Measuring Poverty Indicators of Social Development Review Data Analysis 2. Physical Geography and the Environment Geology: A Restless Earth Plate Tectonics Geologic Hazards Global Climates: Adapting to Change Climate Controls Geographers at Work: Glaciers and Climate Change Climate Regions Global Climate Change Exploring Global Connections: Antarctica, the Science Continent Bioregions and Biodiversity: The Globalization of Nature Nature and the World Economy Climate Change and Nature The Current Extinction Crisis Everyday Globalization: The Rainforest and Your Chocolate Fix Water: A Scarce World Resource Water Sanitation Water Access Working Toward Sustainability: Women and Water in the Developing World Global Energy: The Essential Resource Nonrenewable and Renewable Energy Fossil Fuel Reserves, Production, and Consumption Renewable Energy Energy Futures Review Data Analysis 3. North America Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: A Vulnerable Land of Plenty A Diverse Physical Setting Patterns of Climate and Vegetation The Costs of Human Modification Working Toward Sustainability: Greening the Colorado River Delta Growing Environmental Awareness The Shifting Energy Equation Climate Change and North America Population and Settlement: Reshaping a Continental Landscape Exploring Global Connections: Climate Change Brings Luxury Cruises to the Fabled Northwest Passage Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns Occupying the Land North Americans on the Move Settlement Geographies: The Decentralized Metropolis Settlement Geographies: Rural North America Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Shifting Patterns of Pluralism The Roots of a Cultural Identity Peopling North America Culture and Place in North America Patterns of North American Religion The Globalization of American Culture Everyday Globalization: The NBA Goes Global Geopolitical Framework: Patterns of Dominance and Division Creating Political Space Continental Neighbors The Legacy of Federalism The Politics of U.S. Immigration A Global Reach Economic and Social Development: Geographies of Abundance and Affluence An Abundant Resource Base Creating a Continental Economy North America and the Global Economy Enduring Social Issues Geographers at Work: Toronto’s Chinese Entrepreneurs Review Data Analysis 4. Latin America Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Neotropical Diversity and Urban Degradation Western Mountains and Eastern Lowlands Climate and Climate Change in Latin America Impacts of Climate Change for Latin America Environmental Issues: The Destruction and Conservation of Forests Urban Environmental Challenges Working Toward Sustainability: Greening Transport and Expanding Access in Bogotá Population and Settlement: The Dominance of Cities Patterns of Rural Settlement The Latin American City Population Growth and Movement Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Repopulating a Continent The Decline of Native Populations Patterns of Ethnicity and Culture The Global Reach of Latino Culture Geopolitical Framework: Redrawing the Map Iberian Conquest and Territorial Division Exploring Global Connections: The Catholic Church and the Argentine Pope Regional Organizations Economic and Social Development: Focusing on Neoliberalism Primary Export Dependency Geographers at Work: Development Work in Post-Conflict Colombia Everyday Globalization: Good Morning Coffee Latin America in the Global Economy Social Development Review Data Analysis 5. The Caribbean Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Paradise Undone Island and Rimland Landscapes Exploring Global Connections: Crisis Mapping in Haiti After the Earthquake Caribbean Climate and Climate Change Environmental Issues Population and Settlement: Densely Settled Islands and Rimland Frontiers Demographic Trends The Rural–Urban Continuum Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Neo-Africa in the Americas The Cultural Impact of Colonialism Working Toward Sustainability: Urban Agriculture in Havana Creolization and Caribbean Identity Everyday Globalization: Caribbean Carnival Geopolitical Framework: Colonialism, Neocolonialism, and Independence Life in “America’s Backyard” Independence and Integration Economic and Social Development: From Cane Fields to Cruise Ships From Fields to Factories and Resorts Geographers at Work: Educational Tourism in Cuba Social Development Gender, Politics, and Culture Review Data Analysis 6. Sub-Saharan Africa Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: The Plateau Continent Plateaus and Basins Climate and Vegetation Africa’s Environmental Issues Working Toward Sustainability: Can Bamboo Reduce Deforestation in Africa? Climate Change and Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa Population and Settlement: Young and Restless Demographic Trends and Disease Challenges The Disease Factor: Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Ebola Patterns of Settlement and Land Use Urban Life Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Unity Through Adversity Language Patterns Religion Exploring Global Connections: The Reach of Nollywood Geopolitical Framework: Legacies of Colonialism and Conflict European Colonization Decolonization and Independence Enduring Political Conflict Everyday Globalization: The African Origins of the Diamond Engagement Ring Economic and Social Development: The Struggle to Develop Roots of African Poverty Signs of Economic Growth Links to the World Economy Geographers at Work: Vision for Sustainable Development in West Africa Economic Differentiation Within Africa Measuring Social Development Women and Development Building from Within Review Data Analysis 7. Southwest Asia and North Africa Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Life in a Fragile World Regional Landforms Patterns of Climate Legacies of a Vulnerable Landscape Climate Change in Southwest Asia and North Africa Working Toward Sustainability: Desalination in the Desert at Dubai’s Jebel Ali Plant Population and Settlement: Changing Rural and Urban Worlds The Geography of Population Water and Life: Rural Settlement Patterns Many-Layered Landscapes: The Urban Imprint A Region on the Move Shifting Demographic Patterns Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Signatures of Complexity Patterns of Religion Exploring Global Connections: The Libyan Highway to Europe Geographies of Language Regional Cultures in Global Context Geopolitical Framework: Never-Ending Tensions The Colonial Legacy Modern Geopolitical Issues Geographers at Work: How Do We Define “Middle East”? Economic and Social Development: Lands of Wealth and Poverty The Geography of Fossil Fuels Global Economic Relationships Regional Economic Patterns Everyday Globalization: Popping Pills from Israel Gender, Culture, and Politics: A Woman’s Changing World Review Data Analysis 8. Europe Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Human Transformation of a Diverse Landscape Landform Regions Seas, Rivers, and Ports Europe’s Climate Environmental Issues: Local and Global Climate Change in Europe Population and Settlement: Slow Growth and Problematic Migration Low (or No) Natural Growth Geographers at Work: Migrants in the Digital Age Extralegal Migration, Leaky Borders, and “Fortress Europe” Landscapes of Urban Europe Working Toward Sustainability: Protecting Europe’s Cultural Landscapes Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Mosaic of Differences Geographies of Language Everyday Globalization: English, Europe’s New Second Language Geographies of Religion, Past and Present Migrants and Culture Sports in Europe Geopolitical Framework: A Dynamic Map Redrawing the Map of Europe Through War A Divided Europe, East and West The Balkans: Waking from a Geopolitical Nightmare Devolution in Contemporary Europe Exploring Global Connections: The New Cold War Economic and Social Development: Integration and Transition Europe’s Industrial Revolution Rebuilding Postwar Europe Economic Disintegration and Transition in Eastern Europe Promise and Problems of the Eurozone The 2015 Greek Debt Crisis and Its Implications for the Eurozone Social Development in Europe: Gender Issues Review Data Analysis 9. The Russian Domain Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: A Vast and Challenging Land A Diverse Physical Setting A Devastated Environment Exploring Global Connections: Russian Meteorite Fragments Go Global Addressing the Environmental Crisis Climate Change in the Russian Domain Working Toward Sustainability: Putting a Lid on Chernobyl Population and Settlement: An Urban Domain Population Distribution Regional Migration Patterns Geographers at Work: Exploring Arctic Russia’s Changing Urban Landscape Inside the Russian City The Demographic Crisis Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The Legacy of Slavic Dominance The Heritage of the Russian Empire Geographies of Language Geographies of Religion Russian Culture in Global Context Geopolitical Framework: Growing Instability Across the Region Geopolitical Structure of the Former Soviet Union Current Geopolitical Setting The Shifting Global Setting Economic and Social Development: Coping with Growing Regional Challenges The Legacy of the Soviet Economy The Post-Soviet Economy Gender, Culture, and Politics The Russian Domain in the Global Economy Everyday Globalization: How the Russian Domain Shapes the Virtual World Review Data Analysis 10. Central Asia Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Steppes, Deserts, and Threatened Lakes Central Asia’s Physical Regions Major Environmental Issues Working Toward Sustainability: The Greening of the Inner Mongolian Desert Climate Change and Central Asia Population and Settlement: Densely Settled Oases Amid Vacant Lands Highland Population and Subsistence Patterns Lowland Population and Subsistence Patterns Population Issues Urbanization in Central Asia Exploring Global Connections: Tajikistan’s Remittance- Dependent Economy Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Meeting Ground of Different Traditions Historical Overview: Changing Languages and Populations Contemporary Linguistic and Ethnic Geography Geographers at Work: Kazakh Migration in Mongolia Geography of Religion Central Asian Culture in Global Context Geopolitical Framework: Political Reawakening Partitioning of the Steppes Central Asia Under Communist Rule Current Geopolitical Tensions International Dimensions of Central Asian Tension Economic and Social Development: Abundant Resources, Troubled Economies Post-communist Economies Everyday Globalization: Rare Earths from Inner Mongolia Social Development in Central Asia Review Data Analysis 11. East Asia Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Resource Pressures in a Crowded Land East Asia’s Physical Geography East Asia’s Environmental Challenges Flooding, Dams, and Soil Erosion in China Climate Change and East Asia Geographers at Work: China’s Agricultural Transformation Population and Settlement: A Realm of Crowded Lowland Basins Japanese Settlement and Agricultural Patterns Settlement and Agricultural Patterns in Korea and Taiwan Settlement and Agricultural Patterns in China East Asian Agriculture and Resources in Global Context Working Toward Sustainability: Tea and Coffee in Yunnan, China The Urban Environment of East Asia Exploring Global Connections: South Korean Investments and Aid in Africa Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Confucian Realm? Unifying Cultural Characteristics Religious Unity and Diversity in East Asia Linguistic and Ethnic Diversity in East Asia East Asian Cultures in Global Context Geopolitical Framework: The Imperial Legacies of China and Japan The Evolution of China The Rise of Japan Postwar Geopolitics The Global Dimension of East Asian Geopolitics Economic and Social Development: A Core Region of the Global Economy Japan’s Economy and Society The Thriving Economies of South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong Everyday Globalization: East Asia’s Domination of Shipbuilding Chinese Development Social Conditions in China The Failure of Development in North Korea Review Data Analysis 12. South Asia Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Diverse and Stressed Landscapes Physical Subregions of South Asia Geographers at Work: The Himalayan Environment South Asia’s Monsoon Climates Climate Change and South Asia Natural Hazards, Landscape Change, and Pollution Working Toward Sustainability: Community Development and Mangrove Conservation in Sri Lanka Population and Settlement: The Demographic Dilemma Migration and the Settlement Landscape Agricultural Regions and Activities Urban South Asia Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Common Heritage Undermined by Religious Rivalries Origins of South Asian Civilizations Everyday Globalization: India and the International Day of Yoga Contemporary Geographies of Religion Geographies of Language South Asia in Global Cultural Context Exploring Global Connections: The Indian Film Industry’s International Reach Geopolitical Framework: A Deeply Divided Region South Asia Before and After Independence Ethnic Conflicts in South Asia The Maoist Challenge International Geopolitics Economic and Social Development: Rapid Growth and Rampant Poverty South Asian Poverty Geographies of Economic Development Globalization and South Asia’s Economic Future Social Development Review Data Analysis 13. Southeast Asia Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: A Once-Forested Region Patterns of Physical Geography Environmental Problems: Deforestation, Pollution, and Dams Patterns of Deforestation Smoke and Air Pollution Dam-Building in Southeast Asia Climate Change and Southeast Asia Population and Settlement: Subsistence, Migration, and Cities Working Toward Sustainability: New Efforts to Create an Environmentally Responsible Palm Oil Industry Settlement and Agriculture Exploring Global Connections: The Opium Resurgence in Northern Southeast Asia Recent Demographic Changes Urban Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Meeting Ground of World Cultures The Introduction and Spread of Major Cultural Traditions Geography of Language and Ethnicity Southeast Asian Culture in Global Context Geopolitical Framework: War, Ethnic Strife, and Regional Cooperation Before European Colonialism The Colonial Era The Vietnam War and Its Aftermath Geopolitical Tensions in Contemporary Southeast Asia International Dimensions of Southeast Asian Geopolitics Economic and Social Development: The Roller-Coaster Ride of Developing Economies Uneven Economic Development Globalization and the Southeast Asian Economy Issues of Social Development Everyday Globalization: Thailand’s Troublesome Seafood Exports Geographers at Work: Female Migrant Workers in Southeast Asia Review Data Analysis 14. Australia and Oceania Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Varied Landscapes and Habitats Regional Landforms and Topography Regional Climate Patterns Unique Plants and Animals Complex Environmental Issues Climate Change in Oceania Working Toward Sustainability: Sea-Level Rise and the Future of Low Islands Population and Settlement: Booming Cities and Empty Spaces Contemporary Population Patterns Historical Geography Settlement Landscapes Diverse Demographic Paths Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Global Crossroads Multicultural Australia Cultural Patterns in New Zealand The Mosaic of Pacific Cultures Exploring Global Connections: Asylum Seekers Arrive in Australia Interactions with the Larger World Geopolitical Framework: Diverse Paths to Independence Roads to Independence Persistent Geopolitical Tensions Economic and Social Development: Growing Asian Connections Australian and New Zealand Economies Oceania’s Divergent Development Paths Geographers at Work: Planning for the Future Across the Pacific Basin Everyday Globalization: Wine from Down Under Gains Global Appeal Oceania in Global Context Continuing Social Challenges Gender, Culture, and Politics Review Data Analysis Appendix Glossary Credits Index World – Physical