Hemicelluloses and Lignin in Biorefineries

Description

Hemicelluloses and Lignin in Biorefineries provides an understanding of lignocellulosic biomass, which is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. It promotes the valorization of these molecules in the context of the bioeconomy and presents hemicelluloses and lignin, which are generated in lignocellulosic biorefineries, as the molecules of the future. The viability of these molecules lies in their renewability and potential. This book covers all aspects of hemicelluloses and lignin including structure, biosynthesis, extraction, biodegradation, and conversion. The book also looks ahead to the socioeconomic and environmental value of biobased industry and emphasizes an understanding of the potential of lignocellulosic biomass. Content: Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Bioeconomy and Circular Economy 1.2 Bioeconomy1.3 Biobased Economy1.4 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)1.5 Lignocellulosic Biomass1.6 Plant Cell Wall1.7 Lignocellulosic Biorefineries1.8 Structure of the Book1.9 ReferencesChapter 2 Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes 2.1 Glycosyltransferases2.2 Glycoside Hydrolases2.3 Esterases2.4 ReferencesChapter 3 Cellulose, the Major Component of Biomass and Plant Cell Wall 3.1 Structure3.2. Biosynthesis3.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis3.4 ReferencesChapter 4 Structure and Biosynthesis of Hemicelluloses4.1. Introduction4.2 Structure and Occurrence4.3 Biosynthesis4.4 Structure and Function in Plant Cell Walls4.5 Summary4.6 ReferencesChapter 5 Biodegradation of Hemicelluloses 5.1 Introduction5.2 Biodegradation of Xyloglucans5.3 Biodegradation of Xylans5.4 Biodegradation of Mannans and Glucomannans5.5 Biodegradation of Arabinans, Galactans and Arabinogalactans5.5 Perspectives5.6 ReferencesChapter 6 Structure and Biosynthesis of Lignin 6.1 Introduction6.2 Lignin precursors, the Monolignols6.3 Lignin Distribution in Plants and Tissues6.4 Evolution of Lignification6.5 Regulation of Lignification6.6 Transport and Polymerization6.7 Structure and Function in Plant Cell Walls6.8 Research6.9 ReferencesChapter 7 Biodegradation of Lignin 7.1 Introduction7.2 Fungi and Bacteria7.3 Fungal Extracellular Ligninases7.4. Non-Lignocellulolytic Lignocellulose Degradation7.5 Summary7.6 Perspectives7.7 ReferencesChapter 8 Pretreatments of Lignocellulosic Biomass 8.1 Introduction8.2 Different Pretreatments8.3 Summary8.4 ReferencesChapter 9 Valorization of Hemicelluloses 9.1 Introduction9.2 Seed Storage Hemicelluloses and Other Hemicelluloses9.3 Papermaking: Value Prior to Pulping9.4 Biorefineries9.5 ReferencesChapter 10 Valorization of Lignin 10.1 Introduction10.2 Main Processes for Lignin Extraction10.3 Properties and Applications of Extracted Lignins10.4 Industrial Applications and Biorefining Projects10.5 Conclusions and Outlook10.6 ReferencesChapter 11 Perspectives 11.1 Introduction11.2 Representative Programs in the USA11.3 Biobased Economy in the USA11.4 Representative Programs in the EU11.5 Biobased Economy in Europe11.6 Building Blocks from Biomass11.7 The Sustainability Challenge11.8 ReferencesGlossary