Reviving Cicero in Drama: From the Ancient World to the Modern Stage

Description

The influence of Cicero is everywhere to be found. His rhetorical and philosophical writings have made an inescapable impact on the history of Western culture. He impressed figures such as Augustine, Jerome, Petrarch, Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Locke, David Hume, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. Cicero’s wide appeal means that he is becoming a popular subject in classical reception studies. But no study has yet offered a comprehensive overview of ‘Cicero’ as a character in stage plays in the early modern and modern periods. This is the first book to discuss the plays in which Cicero appears as a character. It includes works by Ben Jonson (1611, Catiline His Conspiracy), Voltaire (1752, Rome sauvée, ou Catilina), Richard Cumberland (1761, The Banishment of Cicero), Henry Bliss (1847, Cicero, a Drama) and, most recently, Mike Poulton (Imperium, adapted from the novels of Robert Harris in 2017). Each oeuvre is placed in its historical and cultural context; the plots are discussed in relation to the ancient sources. These analyses demonstrate how the presentation and assessment of the figure of Cicero develop over time and how this character is exploited for varying political statements. The wealth of material in this book will attract scholars of Classics, drama and literary studies as well as historians of ideas and of the early modern age. Cover Title Copyright Contents Preface and Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: Creation of the Character ‘Cicero’ 2. Basis: Cicero’s Life and Works 2.1 Key details and ancient sources 2.2 (Early) modern editions and historical works 3. Context: ‘Cicero’ as a Character in Literature and Art 4. ‘Cicero’ on the (Theatre) Stage 4.1 Robert Garnier, Corne´lie (1574) 4.2 Stephen Gosson, Catiline’s Conspiracies (c. 1579) 4.3 Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin, Iulius redivivus (1585) 4.4 Robert Wilson / Henry Chettle, Catiline’s Conspiracy (1598) 4.5 William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (1599) 4.6 The Tragedie of Cæsar and Pompey or Cæsars Reuenge (1606/07) 4.7 William Alexander, The Tragedy of Iulius Cæsar (1607) 4.8 Everie Woman in Her Humor (1609) 4.9 Ben Jonson, Catiline His Conspiracy (1611) 4.10 Caspar Bru¨ low, Caius Julius Caesar Tragoedia (1616) 4.11 Cicero Triumphans (1619) 4.12 Marten Frank Besteben, De ’t samensweringe Catalinae (1647) 4.13 The Tragedy of that Famous Roman Orator Marcus Tullius Cicero (1651) 4.14 Lambert van den Bosch, L. Catilina (1669) 4.15 Pier Jacopo Martello, Il M. Tullio Cicerone (c. 1713) 4.16 Die Enthaubttung deß Weltberu¨hmten Wohlredners Ciceronis (1724) 4.17a/b ‘Marcus Tullius Cicero’ (1732/1741) 4.18 Simon-Joseph Pellegrin, Catilina (1742) 4.19 M. T. Cicero, Pro Patria Exul (1748) 4.20 Prosper Jolyot Cre´billon, Catilina (1748) 4.21 Catilina ambitionis victima (1749) 4.22 Jean-Baptiste Geoffroy, Catilina (1749) 4.23 Voltaire, Rome sauve´e, ou Catilina (1752) 4.24 Giovanni Battista Casti, Catilina (1752) 4.25 Pietro Chiari, Marco Tullio Cicerone (1752) 4.26 Prosper Jolyot Cre´billon, Le Triumvirat ou La mort de Cice´ron (1754) 4.27 M. T. Cicero, Exul Spontaneus (1755) 4.28 M. T. Cicero, Amore Reipublicae Exul Spontaneus (1761) 4.29 Richard Cumberland, The Banishment of Cicero (1761) 4.30 M. T. Cicero ab exilio redux (1763) 4.31 Johann Jakob Bodmer, Julius Caesar. Ein Trauerspiel (1763) 4.32 Johann Jakob Bodmer, Marcus Tullius Cicero. Ein Trauerspiel (1764) 4.33 Karl Benjamin Stieff, Catilina (1782) 4.34 Vittorio Alfieri, Bruto secondo (1789) 4.35 Karl August Pergler von Perglas, Catilina (1808) 4.36 George Croly, Catiline (1822) 4.37 Christoph Kuffner, Catilina (1825) 4.38 Pierre Jean-Baptiste Dalban, Catilina (1827) 4.39 Author of ‘The Indian Merchant’, Catiline (1833) 4.40 John Edmund Reade, Catiline; or, The Roman Conspiracy (1839) 4.41 C.E. Guichard, Catilina romantique (1844) 4.42 Henry Bliss, Cicero, A drama (1847) 4.43 Alexandre Dumas / Auguste Maquet, Catilina (1848) 4.44 Ferdinand Ku¨ rnberger, Catilina (1855) 4.45 Karl Schroeder, Die Verschwo¨rung des Catilina (1855) 4.46 Jose´ Mari´a Di´az, Catilina (1856) 4.47 Vi´te?zslav Ha´lek, Sergius Catilina (1862) 4.48 Hermann Lingg, Catilina (1864) 4.49 Parmenio Betto`li, Catilina (1872/75) 4.50 Johann Po¨hnl, Catilina (1877) 4.51 Vincenzo Molinari, Lucio Sergio Catilina (1878) 4.52 Francesco Paolo de Chiara, Catilina (1882) 4.53 Karl (August) Bleibtreu, Gro¨ßenwahn: Catilina (1888) 4.54 Adolf Bartels, Catilina (1892) 4.55 Carl Theodor Curti, Catilina (1892) 4.56 Mariano Vittori, Lucio Sergio Catilina (1894) 4.57 Samuel Lublinski, Der Imperator (1901) 4.58 Alwyn Markolf, Catilina (1907) 4.59 Andre´ Lebey, Catilina (1922) 4.60 Upton Sinclair, Cicero. A Tragedy of Ancient Rome (1960) 4.61 Guido Ammirata, Quattro assassini per una cerva (1972/73) 4.62 Helmut Bo¨ttiger, Cicero oder Ein Volk gibt sich auf (1990) 4.63 Richard John Nelson, Conversations in Tusculum (2008) 4.64 Nicole Berns, Die Catilinarische Verschwo¨rung (2015) 4.65 Robert Harris / Mike Poulton, Imperium (2017) 5. Conclusion: Development of the Character ‘Cicero’ Notes Bibliography Index