Sensory Testing Methods

Description

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Foreword Contents Introduction Chapter 1 : General Requirements for Sensory Testing Physical Conditions LOCATION LABORATORY LAYOUT ODOR CONTROL LIGHTING GENERAL COMFORT BIBLIOGRAPHY Respondents ANALYTICAL TESTS (DIFFERENCE AND DESCRIPTIVE) AFFECTIVE TESTS ORIENTATION AND TRAINING OF PANELISTS AND RESPONDENTS MOTIVATION OF RESPONDENTS PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY OF PANELISTS PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL BIBLIOGRAPHY Samples of Materials SELECTION OF SAMPLE TO BE TESTED PREPARATION OF SAMPLES PRESENTATION OF SAMPLES BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 2 : Discrimination Test Methods Test Types OVERALL DIFFERENCE TESTS (UNSPECIFIED ATTRIBUTES): SAME–DIFFERENT TEST (ASTM E2139, STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SAME-DIFFERENT TEST) SAME–DIFFERENT TEST: CASE STUDY STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SENSORY ANALYSIS—TETRAD TEST (ASTM E3009) TETRAD TEST: CASE STUDY TETRAD TEST (N = 30 ASSESSORS) TRIANGLE TEST (ASTM E1885, STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SENSORY ANALYSIS—TRIANGLE TEST) TRIANGLE TEST: CASE STUDY DUO-TRIO TEST (ASTM E2610, STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SENSORY ANALYSIS—DUO-TRIO TEST) DUO-TRIO TEST: CASE STUDY Specified Attribute Difference Tests 3-ALTERNATIVE FORCED CHOICE TEST 3-ALTERNATIVE FORCED CHOICE TEST: CASE STUDY 2-ALTERNATIVE FORCED CHOICE TEST (ASTM E2164, STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR DIRECTIONAL DIFFERENCE TEST) 2-ALTERNATIVE FORCED CHOICE TEST: CASE STUDY A/NOT-A TEST MULTIPLE STANDARDS TEST (E.G., TWO-OUT-OF-FIVE TEST) Combined Overall Difference and Specified Attribute DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE AND DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL TESTS DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE AND DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL TEST: CASE STUDY EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF DIFFERENCE TESTS SAMPLES PRESENTATION ORDER EXPECTATION EFFECT METHOD SELECTION NUMBER OF ASSESSORS Nature and Type of Samples OVERALL DIFFERENCE AND UNSPECIFIED ATTRIBUTE TESTS EXTENSIONS OF DIFFERENCE TEST: COMPLEX SORTING TASKS ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS Special Cases of Forced-Choice Different Testing FORCED-CHOICE DIFFERENCE TEST: DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE FORCED CHOICE DIFFERENCE TEST: CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENCE FORCED-CHOICE DIFFERENCE TEST: PREFERENCE TEST Bibliography Chapter 3 : Scaling Rating Scales TYPES OF RATING SCALES LENGTH OF SCALE FORMATS END ANCHORS FOR SCALES UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR SCALES SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS END ANCHORS FOR SCALES UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR SCALES SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION LABELED MAGNITUDE SCALE Rank Order SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS ON DATA ANALYSIS FOR RANK ORDER TESTS Rank Order Test: Case Study JUST-ABOUT-RIGHT SCALING METHOD JAR SCALE: CASE STUDY Bibliography Chapter 4 : Threshold Methods Introduction DEFINITIONS Measuring Thresholds CONTROLLING THE CONDITIONS OF THE TEST PREPARATION OF SAMPLES QUALIFICATIONS OF THE ASSESSORS INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP THRESHOLDS SELECTED METHODS Standard Practices for Measuring Thresholds Bibliography Chapter 5 : Descriptive Analysis Flavor Profile Method FLAVOR PROFILE METHOD: CASE STUDY Texture Profile Method TEXTURE PROFILE METHOD: CASE STUDY Quantitative Descriptive Analysis Method QDA METHOD: CASE STUDY Spectrum Descriptive Analysis Method SDA METHOD: CASE STUDY Temporal Methods T-I METHOD: CASE STUDY Bibliography Chapter 6 : Affective Testing Introduction Five Essential Decisions WHOM TO INCLUDE IN AN AFFECTIVE TEST TEST VENUE TEST TIMING TEST EXECUTION TEST QUESTIONNAIRE Biases Ethical Considerations Case Studies CASE STUDY 1: AFFECTIVE TESTING CASE STUDY 2: AFFECTIVE TESTING Bibliography Chapter 7 : Statistical Procedures Glossary of Statistical Terms and Symbols DEFINITIONS COMMON SYMBOLS Hypothesis Testing THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES ONE-SIDED AND TWO-SIDED ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES STATISTICAL ERRORS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED PROBABILITIES STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE SAMPLE SIZE DEGREES OF FREEDOM CONFIDENCE INTERVALS EXAMPLE—ANALYSIS OF DUO-TRIO TEST RESULTS FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO SAMPLES Limitations and Qualifications WHAT IS SIGNIFICANT? MULTIPLE TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE RELIABILITY OF RESULTS THEORETICAL BASIS FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSES Sensory Discrimination Testing PAIRED COMPARISON DUO-TRIO TRIANGLE TETRAD REPLICATED DISCRIMINATION TESTING THURSTONIAN DISCRIMINAL DISTANCES Chi-Squared Test TEST DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Student’s t-Test UNPAIRED T-TEST (ASSUMING EQUAL VARIANCE) PAIRED T-TEST THE Z-TEST FOR PROPORTIONS THE T-TEST OF AN AVERAGE AGAINST A FIXED VALUE Analysis of Variance ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE BASIC IDEAS OF ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE EXAMPLE: TWO-FACTOR EXPERIMENT Multiple Comparison Tests LEAST SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE OTHER TESTS FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS Threshold Determination Further Reading Bibliography Appendix : Related Documents Index Back Cover