Remembering Child Migration: Faith, Nation-Building and the Wounds of Charity

Description

Between 1850 and 1970, around three hundred thousand children were sent to new homes through child migration programmes run by churches, charities and religious orders in the United States and the United Kingdom. Intended as humanitarian initiatives to save children from social and moral harm and to build them up as national and imperial citizens, these schemes have in many cases since become the focus of public censure, apology and sometimes financial redress. Remembering Child Migration is the first book to examine both the American ‘orphan train’ programmes and Britain’s child migration schemes to its imperial colonies. Setting their work in historical context, it discusses their assumptions, methods and effects on the lives of those they claimed to help. Rather than seeing them as reflecting conventional child-care practice of their time, the book demonstrates that they were subject to criticism for much of the period in which they operated. Noting similarities between the American ‘orphan trains’ and early British migration schemes to Canada, it also shows how later British child migration schemes to Australia constituted a reversal of what had been understood to be good practice in the late Victorian period. At its heart, the book considers how welfare interventions motivated by humanitarian piety came to have such harmful effects in the lives of many child migrants. By examining how strong moral motivations can deflect critical reflection, legitimise power and build unwarranted bonds of trust, it explores the promise and risks of humanitarian sentiment. Cover Half-Title Also by Title Imprint Contents Illustrations Acknowledgements Abbreviations Of Archival Sources Introduction 1 ‘The humane remedy’: America and the development of mass child migration1 The American ‘orphan trains’ The moral project of child emigration 2 ‘In the children’s land of promise’: UK child migration schemes to Canada1 3 ‘No placeless waifs but inheritors of sacred duties’: UK child migration schemes to Australia Comparing British and American child migration schemes 4 ‘I love both my mummies’: Moral meanings and the wounds of charity The unintended harm of humanitarian piety 5 Remembering child migration today Notes Index