Impacts of Large Dams: A Global Assessment

Description

Content: Chapter 1: Impacts of Large Dams: Issues, Opportunities and Constraints 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Developments During the Post-1950 Period 1.3 Developments During the Post-1975 Period 1.4 Controversy During the Post-1985 Period 1.4.1 Why This Controversy? 1.5 Vested Interests 1.6 Complex Issues with No Single Answer 1.7 Climatic Differences 1.8 Absence of Post-Construction Assessment of Dams 1.9 World Commission on Dams 1.10 Conclusions References Chapter 2: Indirect Economic Impacts of Dams 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Analytical Framework for the Estimation of Multipliers 2.2.1 Input-Output (I/O) Models 1 2.2.2 Social Accounting Matrices (SAM) Models 2.2.3 Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Models 2.3 Choosing the Right Analytical Tool and the Analytical Models Used in the Case Studies 2.4 Summary Results of Case Studies 2.4.1 Multiplier Effects of the Bhakra Dam, India 2.4.2 Multiplier Effects of the High Aswan Dam, Egypt 2.4.3 Multiplier Effects of Sobradinho Dam and Cascade of Reservoirs in Brazil 2.4.4 Value-Added Multipliers: A Comparison of the Case Studies 2.5 Conclusions References Chapter 3: Resettlement Outcomes of Large Dams 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theoretical Frameworks of the Resettlement Process 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 A Policy-Relevant Theoretical Framework of the Resettlement Process 3.2.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2.2 The Four-Stage Framework 3.2.2.3 Cernea's Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction Model 3.2.3 Combining the Two Analytical Frameworks with Contributions from Other Researchers 3.3 The Magnitude of Resettlement and Resettlement Outcomes 3.3.1 The Magnitude of Resettlement 3.3.2 Resettlement Outcomes 3.4 Why Impoverishing Outcomes Continue 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 The Design of the 50 Dam Survey and the Nature of the Database 3.4.3 Data Sources and Biases 3.4.3.1 Data Sources 3.4.3.2 Data Biases and Significance 3.4.4 Resettlement Outcomes 3.4.5 Outcome Changes over Time 3.4.6 Why Success, Why Failure 3.4.6.1 Introduction 3.4.6.2 Capacity 3.4.6.3 Adequacy of Funding 3.4.6.4 Political Will 3.4.6.5 Opportunities 3.4.6.6 Resettler Participation in Project Planning 3.4.6.7 Institutional Responsibility for Resettlement 3.4.6.8 Unexpected Events and Resettler Ability to Compete with Host Populations and Immigrants 3.4.7 Impoverishment Risks 3.5 Improving Resettlement Outcomes 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.2 Improving Living Standards 3.5.3 Participatory Options Assessment 3.5.4 Resettlers as Project Managers and Owners 3.5.5 Specific Development Opportunities 3.5.5.1 Introduction 3.5.5.2 Irrigation and Associated Multiplier Effects 3.5.5.3 Rain-Fed Agriculture 3.5.5.4 The Reservoir Drawdown Area 3.5.5.5 Reservoir Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture