New-Technology Flowmeters: Volume I

Description

New-Technology Flowmeters describes the origin, principle of operation, development, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and frontiers of research for new-technology flowmeters, which include Coriolis, magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex, and thermal. Focusing on the newer, faster growing flowmeter markets, the book places them in the context of more traditional meters such as differential pressure, turbine, and positive displacement. Taking an objective look at the origins of each flowmeter type, the book discusses the early patents, for each type, and which companies deserve credit for initially commercializing each flowmeter type. This book is designed for personnel involved with flowmeters and instrumentation, including product and marketing managers, strategic planners, application engineers, and distributors. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents List of Figures List of Tables Preface How It All Started Transition to Process Control and Market Research About This Book Acknowledgments 1. A Preview of Coming Attractions Overview Chapter Summary A Preview of Upcoming Chapters 2. Fundamental Concepts of Flow What Is Flow Flowmeters Used in the Process Industries Defining the Process Industries Petroleum Liquids Natural Gas and Industrial Gases Non-petroleum Liquids Steam Fundamental Concepts Cross-Sectional Area Flow Velocity Volumetric Flowrate Mass Flowrate 3. The Paradigm Case Method of Selecting Flowmeters Overview Introduction to Flowmeter Types and Flowmeter Selection New-Technology Flowmeters Coriolis Flowmeters Paradigm Case Application Magnetic Flowmeters Paradigm Case Application Ultrasonic Flowmeters Paradigm Case Application Vortex Flowmeters Paradigm Case Application Thermal Flowmeters Paradigm Case Application Summary Tables of Advantages, Disadvantages and Principles of Operation Conventional Flowmeters Familiarity Breeds Respect Switching Technologies Has a Cost Differential Pressure What Is a DP Flowmeter To Stay with DP or Switch Where DP Meters Excel, and Considerations Paradigm Case Application Primary Elements Positive Displacement Paradigm Case Application Turbine Paradigm Case Application Open Channel Paradigm Case Application Variable Area Paradigm Case Application Selecting a Flowmeter Review Tables of Paradigm Case Conditions Paradigm Case Selection Method Paradigm Case Selection Steps 4. Coriolis Flowmeters Overview A Review of Early Coriolis Patents Coriolis Flowmeter Companies Emerson - Micro Motion History Coriolis Flowmeters Foxboro by Schneider Electric History and Organization Foxboro by Schneider Electric Coriolis Flowmeters Coriolis Flowmeter Theory of Operation Stop the Presses! Looking into the Soul of a Coriolis Flowmeter Coriolis Effect Coriolis Force How Coriolis Flowmeters Came to Be Growth Factors for the Coriolis Flowmeter Market Custody Transfer of Natural Gas Is a Promising Application Suppliers Introduce Lower Cost Meters New Product Features Improve the Performance of Coriolis Meters Coriolis Flowmeters Have Reduced Maintenance Requirements Straight-Tube Meters Eliminate Some Performance Issues with Bent Tube Meters Large Diameter Meters Open Up New Applications Frontiers of Research Large Line Size Coriolis Meters Explaining the Coriolis Force or Effect Measuring Gas Flow 5. Magnetic Flowmeters Why Are Magmeters So Popular Willing to Do the Dirty Work Flexible Accurate and Cost Effective Top Industrial Uses Alternating Current versus Direct Current Liners - the "Secret Sauce" of Magnetic Flowmeters Greater Conductivity Areas of Growth for Magnetic Flowmeters Important Facts about Magnetic Flowmeters New Developments Magnetic Flowmeter Companies Endress+Hauser History and Organization Magnetic Flowmeter Products KROHNE History and Organization Magnetic Flowmeters How They Work Growth Factors for the Magnetic Flowmeter Market The Installed Base of Magnetic Flowmeters New Developments in Two-Wire and Battery-Operated Magmeters Companies Are Improving Magnetic Flowmeter Technology Magnetic Flowmeters Are Very Popular in Europe Foundation Fieldbus and Profibus Products Are Becoming More Widely Available The Large Number of Magnetic Flowmeter Suppliers Frontiers of Research Measuring Liquids with Lower Conductivity Values Continued Advances in Liners A Continued Focus on Market Strengths 6. Ultrasonic Flowmeters Advantages A Range of Applications Ultrasonic Flowmeter Companies Baker Hughes Company History and Organization Ultrasonic Flowmeters Sick Ag History and Organization Ultrasonic Flowmeters How They Work Transit Time Ultrasonic Flowmeters Doppler Flowmeters The Difference between Paths and Chords Path versus Chord Is Chord "Marketing Speak" Suppliers' Interpretation of Paths and Chords - and What This Means for Ultrasonic Flowmeters KROHNE Cameron Emerson Elster Accusonic What It Means One Solution: Talk about Chords and Paths Together Everyone Has a Responsibility Here Custody Transfer of Natural Gas Is an Increasingly Important Measurement for Ultrasonic Flowmeters Growth Factors for the Ultrasonic Flowmeter Market Ultrasonic Flowmeters Have Gained the Trust of End-Users Ultrasonic Flowmeter Technology Compares Well to Other Flowmeter Types Signal Processing Technology Is Improving Multipath Ultrasonic Flowmeters Used for Custody Transfer Transit Time Flowmeters Have Expanded Their Capability to Measure Fluids with Particles Flow Calibration Facilities Are Now More Available Flow Measurement Redundancy Is Now More Important Clamp-on Models Hit Their Stride in Very Large Pipe Diameters The Worldwide Business of Regulating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Frontiers of Research Technological Improvements over the Last Two Decades Have Continued to Expand Ultrasonic Meter Use More Research into Doppler Meters More Research into Custody Transfer Applications 7. Vortex Flowmeters Overview Multivariable Flowmeters Vortex Flowmeters Provide Accurate and Reliable Flow Measurement at a Competitive Price The Origin of Multivariable Vortex Flowmeters Vortex Flowmeter Companies VorTek Instruments History and Organization Vortex Flowmeters Yokogawa Electric Corporation Vortex Flowmeters How They Work Vortex Flowmeter Performance Growth Factors for the Vortex Flowmeter Market Steam Flow Is a Growing Application for Vortex Flowmeters Product Consolidation and New Suppliers Have Changed the Market Dynamics More Companies Are Introducing Multivariable Flowmeters Custody Transfer of Natural Gas Dual Sensor Designs District Heating Applications Are Becoming More Popular Measuring Low Flowrates Frontiers of Research Multivariable Flowmeters Dual Meters Dual Tube Meter Steam Flow Continues to be a Strength for Vortex Meters 8. Thermal Flowmeters Overview The Origins of Thermal Flowmeters Development History of Thermal Flowmeters Thermal Flowmeter Companies Fluid Components International History and Organization Thermal Flowmeters Kurz Instruments History and Organization Thermal Flowmeters How They Work There Are Two Different Methods for Doing This Later Developments Other Thermal Flowmeter Companies Advantages and Disadvantages Applications for Thermal Flowmeters Growth Factors for the Thermal Flowmeter Market A New Age of Environmental Awareness Macroeconomic Factors CEM and Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions Boost Thermal Flowmeter Sales Low-Flow Gas Measurement Is a Strength High Turndown Ratios and the Ability to Measure Multiple Gases Are a Plus Flare Gas Measurement and Submetering of Gas Flows The Water and Wastewater Industry Factors Limiting the Growth of the Thermal Flowmeter Market Limited Application for Liquids and Steam Sensitivity to Changing Gas Compositions/Properties Lack of Approvals for Custody Transfer Frontiers of Research Improved Accuracy Measuring Greenhouse Gases 9. Application Advances in New-Technology Flowmeters Overview Custody Transfer Standards Performance Coriolis Flowmeters Ultrasonic Flowmeters Vortex Flowmeters Magnetic Flowmeters Thermal Flowmeters Advances in Flowmeter Technology Coriolis Flowmeters Ultrasonic Flowmeters Daniel Measurement and Control Honeywell Elster FMC Technologies/TechnipFMC The Value of Extra Paths Vortex Flowmeters Magnetic Flowmeters Thermal Redundancy Dual Tube Meter 10. The Geometry of Flow Overview What Is Flow A Line Is the Path of a Moving Point Points Lie on the Line, Not in the Line How Many Points Lie on a Line When Boundaries Matter: Defining Points and Lines Two Conceptions of Points and Lines What Is a Line Wide Line Geometry Lines, and the Natural and Real Number Lines Infinity and the Number Line Making a Measurement Requires a Unit of Measurement and a Degree of Precision Length in Flow Measurement: Does a Pipe Circumference Have Width Circular Geometry An Alternative Unit of Measure Circular Mils Application Sensing and Measuring What Is a Sensor Sensors and the Mind Bibliography Index