Thoracic Radiology A Guide for Beginners

Description

Acknowledgement Contents 1: Anatomy of the Thorax Trachea and Main Bronchi (Fig. 1.1) Fissures and Lung Lobes Bronchopulmonary Segments (Fig. 1.5) Mediastinal Compartments (Fig. 1.8) Lymph Node Stations Supraclavicular Zone Upper Zone Aortopulmonary Zone Subcarinal Zone Lower Zone Hilar and Interlobar Zone Peripheral Zone Visualizing the Anatomy Suggested Readings 2: Glossary Basic Radiological Terminology Anatomy Acinus Aortopulmonary Window Azygoesophageal Recess Bulla Bronchiole Bronchocentric Centrilobular Region Fissure Hilum Interstitium Lobe Lobule Perilymphatic Distribution Perilobular Pattern Right Paratracheal Stripe Segment Subpleural Curvilinear Line Pathologic Processes Air-Space Air Trapping Atelectasis Bronchiectasis Broncholith Bronchiolitis Bronchocele Cavity Cysts Honeycombing Interlobular Septal Thickening Lymphadenopathy Mass Nodule Oligemia Parenchymal Opacification Pleural Plaque Pneumatocele Pseudocavity Pseudoplaque Small-Airways Disease Patterns and Signs Air Bronchogram Air Crescent Sign Crazy Paving Pattern Halo Sign Mosaic Attenuation Pattern Nodular Pattern Reticular Pattern Reticulonodular Pattern Septal Pattern Signet-Ring Sign Silhouette Sign Tree-in-bud (TIB) Pattern Suggested Readings 3: Introduction to Chest X-Ray Interpretation Technical Considerations Anatomy of a Chest Radiograph Large Airways Hilar Structures Mediastinum Lung Parenchyma Pleura Hemidiaphragms Heart and Pericardium Common Pathological Findings on Chest X-Rays Pleural Pathology Parenchymal Pathology Suggested Readings 4: Pulmonary Nodules: Identification and Risk Assessment Managing the Incidental Finding of an Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodule Guidelines for the Management of Pulmonary Nodules Non-solid or Partially Solid (Mixed) Lung Nodules Suggested Readings 5: Lung Cancer Staging Invasive Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Primary Syn- and Metachronous Lung Tumors Lung Lymphoma Kaposi’s Sarcoma Metastases Resectable and Unresectable Disease Types of Resection Resectability Considering the Extension of the Primitive Tumor Mediastinal Involvement Chest Wall Involvement Infiltration of the Diaphragm Resection Considering Lymph Node Involvement Suggested Readings 6: Mediastinal Masses Indications for CT Scan Indications for MRI Mediastinal Diseases Thymoma Lymphoma Germ Cell Tumors Teratoma Seminoma Non-seminomatous Tumors Thyroid Diseases Pericardial Cyst Fibrosing Mediastinitis Inflammatory Conditions Abscess Tuberculosis Sarcoidosis Metastases Vascular Disorders Hematoma Esophageal Diseases Esophageal Cancer Esophageal Distension Anterior Intestinal Cysts Fatty Masses Bochdalek Hernia Mediastinal Lipomatosis Neurogenic Tumors Infectious Spondylitis Vertebral Column Tumors Spine Trauma Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Suggested Readings 7: Pulmonary Findings After Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Chemotherapy Lung Surgery Pneumonectomy Limited Anatomical Resections and Lobectomy Pleural Surgery Postoperative Complications Early Complications Late Complications Radiotherapy on the Lung Acute Pulmonary Damage Chronic Pulmonary Fibrosis Differential Diagnosis Radiation Toxicity in Other Sites Chemotherapy for the Lung Pulmonary Toxicity Suggested Readings 8: Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis Pneumonia Bronchiolitis Suggested Readings 9: Presentation and Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases Nodular Pattern Nodules in a Random Pattern Nodules in a Miliary Pattern Nodules in a Centrilobular Pattern Nodules in a Lymphatic or Perilymphatic Pattern Differential Diagnosis of Nodular Patterns Septal Pattern Cystic Pattern Alveolar Pattern: Ground-Glass Opacities Reticular Pattern Honeycombing Suggested Readings 10: Pleural Diseases Pleural Effusion Pneumothorax Pleural Thickenings and Masses Pleural Neoplasia Mesothelioma Pleural Metastases Suggested Readings 11: Vascular Diseases of the Thorax Introduction Anatomy and Anatomical Variants of the Aorta Anatomy and Anatomical Variants of the Pulmonary Arteries and Veins Congenital Aortic Malformations Acute Aortic Syndromes Aortic Dissection Intramural Hematoma (IMH) Differential Diagnosis Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer (PAU) Aortic Injury from Blunt Trauma Aneurysmal Disease Mycotic Aneurysm Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary Hypertension Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Suggested Readings 12: Taking it to the Test: Clinical Cases Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9 Case 10 Case 11 Case 12 Case 13 Case 14 Case 15 Answers