Complexity and Complex Chemo-Electric Systems

Description

Complexity and Complex Chemo-Electric Systems presents an analysis and synthesis of chemo-electric systems, providing insights on transports in electrolytes, electrode reactions, electrocatalysis, electrochemical membranes, and various aspects of heterogeneous systems and electrochemical engineering. The book describes the properties of complexity and complex chemo-electric systems as the consequence of formulations, definitions, tools, solutions and results that are often consistent with the best performance of the system. The book handles cybernetics, systems theory and advanced contemporary techniques such as optimal control, neural networks and stochastic optimizations (adaptive random search, genetic algorithms, and simulated annealing). A brief part of the book is devoted to issues such as various definitions of complexity, hierarchical structures, self-organization examples, special references, and historical issues. This resource complements Sieniutycz’ recently published book, Complexity and Complex Thermodynamic Systems, with its inclusion of complex chemo-electric systems in which complexities, emergent properties and self-organization play essential roles. Front-Matter_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo-Electric-Systems Front Matter Copyright_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo-Electric-Systems Copyright Preface_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo-Electric-Systems Preface Acknowledgments_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo-Electric-Systems Acknowledgments Chapter-1---Complexity-in-abstract-and-_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo-El Complexity in abstract and physical systems Problem formulation Some historical aspects Spontaneously created complexities Complex thermodynamic systems Introduction Classical and quasiclassical complex systems Extended thermodynamics of macroscopic systems Basic information on the theory Including power yield and power limits into thermodynamics Equipment complexity Chapter-2---Examples-of-complex-states-and_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo Examples of complex states and complex transformations Instabilities in liquids Turbulence and randomness in fluid mechanics Complexities in chemically reacting systems Introduction Reaction invariants Properties of mole balances Categories of mole balances Applications Validating experimental data Checking proposed reaction chemistry Complementing experimental data Conceptual design Degrees of freedom Degrees of freedom Degrees of freedom Application to conceptual design Level 2: Input-output structure of the flow sheet Degrees of freedom Level 2 balances for Example 2.3 Economic potential at Level 2 Level 3: Recycle structure of the flow sheet Degrees of freedom Case 1 Case 2 Concluding remarks on mole balances in complex chemistries Appendix A. Mole number transforms Appendix B. Proof of Property 2.1 Appendix C. Proof of Corollary to Property 2.2 Appendix D. Independence of element balances Optical instabilities (Badii and Politii, 1997) Growth and aging phenomena (Badii and Politii, 1997, Sec. 2.5, pp. 23-24) Chapter-3---Heylighen-s-enlarged-view-of-gro_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Che Heylighen's enlarged view of growing complexities in evolution Introduction What is complexity? Evolutionary mechanisms The growth of structural complexity (Heylighen, 1996) Self-reinforcing structural complexification The growth of functional complexity Self-reinforcing functional complexification Selection for simplicity? The direction of evolution Conclusion and final remarks Chapter-4---Selected-aspects-of-complexity_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo Selected aspects of complexity in biological systems Fractal erythrocytes vs COVID-19 Bejan's pulsating physiologies Thermostatistics of helix-coil transitions Biochemical cycles in living cells Sequence-structure relations in proteins Complexity in self-organization, evolution, and life Chapter-5---Modeling-and-optimal-control-of_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chem Modeling and optimal control of bioelectrochemical systems Introduction Dynamic modeling of bioelectrochemical systems Single-species ideal mixing modeling Simplified biofilm modeling Reaction-diffusion biofilm modeling Equivalent electrical circuit modeling Model comparison Control and optimization of BESs Energy harvesting and power control approaches Model-based optimization and control strategies Perspectives Chapter-6---Hierarchical-scaling-complexities--_2021_Complexity-and-Complex- Hierarchical scaling complexities: Badii and Politi, 1997, their Ch 9, p. 249 Diversity of trees Horton-Strahler indices Effective-measure and forecasting complexity Topological exponents Convergence and predictions of Badii and Politi model Global prediction Detailed prediction Scaling function Mathematicians and their fractal word Summary and perspectives (Badii and Politi, 1997, mainly Ch. 10) Chapter-7---Modeling-power-yield-in-thermal--c_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-C Modeling power yield in thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems Introduction Carnot controls in power yield systems Energy systems with internal imperfections Dynamical energy yield: General issues Dynamical energy yield: Radiation systems Finite-rate exergies and finite resources Some HJB equations for energy systems Solutions of HJB equations for energy systems Rate-dependent exergies as optimal work functions Toward chemical power systems Steady-state fuel cells Concluding remarks Chapter-8---Fuels--catalysts--wastes--and-po_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Che Fuels, catalysts, wastes, and poisons in chemo-electric systems Kinetics of contact (catalytic) reactions Introduction Physical properties of solid catalysts Meaning of general process rate and controlling step Kinetics of surface processes Introduction Statics and kinetics of sorption and equation of surface kinetics External diffusion Introduction Influence of reagent concentration and temperature on general rate Internal diffusion Introduction Diffusion in porous channels and Thiele modulus Effectiveness coefficient of the contact Change of activation energy and reaction order in internal diffusion Internal diffusion under nonisothermal conditions Chemical networks for complex chemistries Anode-supported SOFC for determination of poisoning limits Process, fuels, and contaminants Selection of operating conditions Experimental procedure Results and discussion Effect of H2S on the AS-SOFC cell performance Effect of HCl on the AS-SOFC cell performance Microstructural characteristics Conclusions Generalized equations for linear catalyst deactivation Life processes running under enzymes as biological catalysts Chapter-9---Modeling-of-chemo-electro-me_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo-E Modeling of chemo-electro-mechanical coupling Motivation, aims, and scope Continuous problem of chemo-electro-mechanics Kinematic equations Balance equations Constitutive equations Discrete problem of chemo-electro-mechanics Temporal discretization Spatial discretization Linearization Constitutive equations of chemo-electro-mechanics Electrical flux Electrical source Mechanical flux Examples Chemo-electro-mechanical coupling in a single cell Chemo-electro-mechanical coupling in a square panel Chemo-electro-mechanical coupling in the human heart Discussion Basic properties of constitutive equations of the chemo-electrical problem Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium: Concentrations, currents, and gating variables Glossary_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo-Electric-Systems Glossary Index_2021_Complexity-and-Complex-Chemo-Electric-Systems Index A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Z