Introductory Physics for the Life Sciences: Volume 1, Mechanics

Description

This textbook provides an accessible introduction to physics for undergraduate students in the life sciences, including those majoring in all branches of biology, biochemistry, and psychology and students working on pre-professional programs such as pre-medical, pre-dental, and physical therapy. The text is geared for the algebra-based physics course, often named College Physics in the United States. The order of topics studied are such that most of the problems in the text can be solved with the methods of Statics or Dynamics. That is, they require a free body diagram, the application of Newton’s Laws, and any necessary kinematics. Constructing the text with a standardized problem-solving methodology, simplifies this aspect of the course and allows students to focus on the application of physics to the study of biological systems. Along the way, students apply these techniques to find the tension in a tendon, the sedimentation rate of red blood cells in haemoglobin, the torques and forces on a bacterium employing a flagellum to propel itself through a viscous fluid, and the terminal velocity of a protein moving in a Gel Electrophoresis device. This is part one of a two-volume set; volume 2 introduces students to the conserved-quantities and applies these problem-solving techniques to topics in Thermodynamics, Electrical Circuits, Optics, and Atomic and Nuclear Physics always with continued focus on biological applications. Key Features: Organised and centred around analysis techniques, not traditional Mechanics and E&M. Presents a unified approach, in a different order, meaning that the same laboratories, equipment, and demonstrations can be used when teaching the course. Demonstrates to students that the analysis and concepts they are learning are critical to the understanding of biological systems. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Volume 1: Introduction 1.2 Chapter 1: Matter, Units, and Vectors 1.2.1 Introduction 1.2.2 Matter 1.2.3 Units 1.2.4 Vectors and Scalars 1.2.4.1 Instantaneous or Average 1.2.4.2 Graphical Representation of a Vector 1.2.4.3 Examples: Vectors 1.2.4.4 Vector Addition 1.2.4.5 Example of Vector Addition 1.3 Chapter Questions and Problems 1.3.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1.3.2 Problems Chapter 2 Forces and Static Equilibrium 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Forces 2.3 Weight and Mass 2.4 Force Vectors 2.4.1 Vector Components 2.5 Net Force 2.6 Translational Equilibrium 2.6.1 One-Dimensional Translational Equilibrium 2.6.2 Two-Dimensional Translational Equilibrium 2.7 Examples of 2-D Statics 2.8 Answer to Chapter Question 2.9 Chapter Questions and Problems 2.9.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 2.9.2 Problems Chapter 3 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Torque 3.2.1 Direction of the Torque 3.2.2 Examples of Calculating Torques 3.3 Net Torque 3.4 Center of Mass 3.5 Rotational Equilibrium 3.5.1 Rotational Equilibrium Concept Map 3.5.2 Rotational Equilibrium Examples 3.6 Chapter Question: Answer 3.7 Chapter Questions and Problems 3.7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 3.7.2 Problems Appendix 1: Cross-Product Form of the Torque Equation Mnemonic Device to Use for the Cross-Product Chapter 4 Gravity and the Forces of Nature 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Four Forces of Nature 4.3 Universal Law of Gravity 4.3.1 Finding the Value of G 4.4 Gravitational Field 4.5 Gravity is Universal 4.5.1 General Relativity 4.6 Chapter Question Answer 4.7 Chapter Questions and Problems 4.7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 4.7.2 Problems Chapter 5 Electric Forces and Fields 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Charge 5.2.1 Units of Charge 5.2.2 Types of Materials 5.3 Coulomb’s Law 5.3.1 Examples of Calculations Using Coulomb’s Law 5.4 Electric Fields 5.4.1 Electric Field Due to a Particle 5.4.2 Examples of Computing Electric Field Strength 5.4.3 Electric Field Lines and Electric Field Diagrams 5.5 Electrostatics and Gravity 5.6 Gauss’ Law 5.7 Answer to Chapter Question 5.8 Questions and Problems 5.8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 5.8.2 Problems Appendix: Nuclear Forces The Nuclear Strong Force The Nuclear Weak Force Chapter 6 Magnetic Forces 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Magnets 6.3 Magnetic Force on an Electrical Current 6.3.1 Units of Magnetic Field 6.3.2 Example of Computing a Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire 6.4 Magnetic Force on a Moving Charged Particle 6.4.1 Examples of Computing the Force on a Moving Charged Particle 6.5 Ampere’s Law 6.6 Magnetic Moment 6.7 Answer to the Chapter Question 6.8 Chapter Questions and Problems 6.8.1 Multiple Choice Questions 6.8.2 Problems Appendix: Cross-Product Form of the Magnetic Force Equation Chapter 7 Kinematics 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Kinematic Definitions 7.2.1 One-Dimensional Motion 7.3 Kinematic Graphs 7.3.1 Constant Velocity Graphs 7.3.2 Constant Acceleration Graphs 7.3.3 Combined Motion Graphs 7.4 Kinematic Equations 7.5 Answer to Chapter Question 7.6 Chapter Questions and Problems 7.6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 7.6.2 Problems Chapter 8 Dynamics 1 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Kinematics Review 8.3 Newton’s Laws 8.4 Dynamics 8.4.1 Dynamics Examples 8.5 Inertial Frame (The Fine Print) 8.6 Answer to Chapter Question 8.7 Questions and Problems 8.7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 8.7.2 Problems Chapter 9 Dynamics 2 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Friction 9.3 Inclined Planes 9.4 Applied Force at an Angle Relative to the Horizontal 9.5 Locomotion 9.6 Answer to Chapter Question 9.7 Questions and Problems 9.7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 9.7.2 Problems Chapter 10 Static Fluids 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Pressure, Volume, and Density 10.2.1 Pressure 10.2.2 Volume 10.2.3 Density 10.3 Dependence of Pressure on Depth 10.4 Archimedes’ Principle 10.5 Buoyant Force Examples 10.6 Answer to the Chapter Question 10.7 Questions and Problems 10.7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 10.7.2 Problems Chapter 11 Fluid Dynamics 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Viscosity 11.3 Viscous Drag Force and the Reynolds Number 11.3.1 Analysis at a Low Re 11.3.2 Analysis at a High Re 11.4 Fluid Flow through a System 11.4.1 Continuity Principle 11.4.2 Laminar Flow 11.4.3 Hagen–Poiseuille 11.5 Answers to the Chapter Questions 11.6 Questions and Problems 11.6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 11.6.2 Problems Appendix: Gel Electrophoresis (Synthesis Opportunity 1) Conceptual Question Example Problem Bibliography-Gel Electrophoresis Chapter 12 Circular Motion and Centripetal Force 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Centripetal Acceleration 12.3 Historical Example of Centripetal Acceleration 12.4 Examples of Centripetal Force Analysis 12.5 Centripetal Acceleration and Angular Velocity 12.6 Answer to the Chapter Question 12.6.1 The Centrifuge 12.7 Questions and Problems 12.7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 12.7.2 Problems Appendix: Mass Spectroscopy (Synthesis Opportunity 2) Chapter 13 Rotational Motion 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Rotational Kinematics 13.2.1 The Radian 13.2.2 Angular Displacement 13.2.3 Angular Velocity 13.2.4 Angular Acceleration 13.2.5 Rotational Kinematic Equations 13.3 Angular Velocity and Frequency 13.4 Rotational Dynamics 13.4.1 Rotational Dynamics Examples 13.5 Answer to the Chapter Question 13.6 Questions and Problems 13.6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 13.6.2 Problems Chapter 14 Simple Harmonic Motion 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Simple Harmonic Motion 14.3 Spring Force 14.3.1 Parallel and Series Spring 14.3.2 Spring-Mass System—Horizontal 14.4 Example of Dynamic Analysis 14.4.1 Vertical Spring 14.4.2 Mass and Spring Examples 14.5 Resonance 14.6 Answer to the Chapter Question 14.6.1 Pendulum Examples 14.7 Questions and Problems 14.7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 14.7.2 Problems Chapter 15 Waves 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Mechanical Waves 15.3 Speed of the Wave 15.4 Wave Characteristics 15.5 Types of Wave 15.6 Function of Wave Displacement 15.7 Phase 15.8 Interference 15.9 Standing Waves 15.10 Answer to the Chapter Question 15.11 Questions and Problems 15.11.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 15.11.2 Problems Index